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Update VMware VeloCloud Orchestrator as a controlled change, not as an ordinary package install. Confirm the exact source and target releases, check the VM and firewall prerequisites, take configuration and full-volume backups, and choose the procedure for either a standalone appliance or an active/standby disaster-recovery pair. For the documented image-based path, upload vco_update.tar and run sudo /opt/vc/bin/vco_software_update; the appliance must reboot and the previous release cannot be restored by rollback.
Security work belongs in the same change plan. Use named accounts and least privilege, protect management interfaces, replace self-signed certificates when policy requires, set the browser-origin address correctly, and decide whether FIPS or strict cryptographic mode is required before production. The current operational authority is Arista Networks’ VeloCloud SD-WAN 6.4 documentation (2026), which now covers the VeloCloud Orchestrator product family.
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What should I confirm before changing VeloCloud Orchestrator?
Record the running version, target version, deployment type, hypervisor, replication state, maintenance window, and support contact before touching the appliance. The correct upgrade path depends on those facts; a standalone procedure is not a substitute for the active/standby disaster-recovery sequence.
Identify the supported release path
- Write down the exact Orchestrator build currently in service and the target build, including patch or image identifiers.
- Confirm whether the deployment is standalone or replicated as an active/standby pair.
- Check the target release notes and the release-specific VeloCloud SD-WAN guide supplied by the vendor.
- Verify that your support entitlement covers the target release and that an escalation contact is available during the window.
- Document the hypervisor, VM hardware version, replication health, certificate expiry dates, and any pending configuration changes.
VMware VeloCloud material is now published in the Arista VeloCloud SD-WAN documentation family. Use the guide for the target release rather than assuming that a command or file from an older VMware-branded release remains valid.
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Check capacity before the upgrade
The VeloCloud SD-WAN 6.4 guide specifies this minimum VM profile for the Orchestrator:
| Resource | Minimum documented requirement | Readiness check |
|---|---|---|
| CPU | 8 Intel vCPUs at 2.5 GHz or higher | Confirm the host can reserve the required vCPU capacity without contention. |
| Memory | 64 GB RAM | Check the configured VM value and available host memory. |
| Storage performance | 5,000 IOPS | Validate the datastore or storage policy, not just allocated capacity. |
| Persistent volumes | 192 GB root, 1 TB store, 500 GB store2, 1 TB store3 | Confirm each volume is present, persistent and backed up. |
| Network | 1 Gbps NIC | Verify link speed, virtual switch assignment and upstream routing. |
| Operating-system compatibility | Ubuntu x64 compatibility | Check the deployed image and hypervisor guest settings. |
| Addressing | Public IP directly or through NAT | Verify stable mapping and externally reachable management services. |
These are upgrade-readiness requirements, not optional performance tuning. A VM that is undersized may complete an update yet fail under normal database, monitoring or edge-management load.
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The upstream firewall must permit inbound HTTP on TCP/80 and HTTPS on TCP/443. Established outbound connections must also be allowed so the appliance can complete upgrade operations and receive security updates. Restrict source networks for management access at the firewall or security-group layer, but do not remove the documented service flows.
Account for service limits
The guide documents a limit of 25,000 Google Maps loads per day for more than 90 consecutive days. If your tenant uses map rendering at that scale, include the limit in capacity and service planning; it is a published service constraint, not an upgrade performance benchmark.
Do I need a backup before upgrading VeloCloud Orchestrator?
Yes. Preserve the Orchestrator configuration and complete copies of the persistent storage volumes before changing the image. A backup that contains only settings may not restore the data and state required after a major image conversion.
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What to protect
- Export or otherwise preserve the current Orchestrator configuration using the supported procedure for your release.
- Back up the full
/store,/store2and/store3volumes, not selected directories. - Record certificates, private-key custody, DNS and NAT mappings, firewall rules, administrator accounts and replication settings.
- Keep the backup outside the appliance and verify that it can be read before the maintenance window.
- Write down the restore owner, recovery location and validation checks so recovery does not depend on one operator.
Special requirements for the 5.4.0-to-6.0.0 image path
The documented 5.4.0-to-6.0.0 image-based upgrade can remove unsupported binaries. It requires a mandatory reboot, does not provide rollback after a successful upgrade, and requires full backups of /store, /store2 and /store3. At least 30 GB of free disk space is required before starting. Treat those conditions as go/no-go checks; do not begin while the backup is incomplete or the free-space check fails.
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For the documented standalone workflow, place the vendor-supplied image at the exact path below and invoke the vendor update utility. Do not substitute a package manager command or an image from a different release family.
- Open the change window. Freeze unrelated configuration edits and confirm that the current backup, support contact and recovery plan are available.
- Obtain the supported image. Use the release-specific artifact supplied for the target version. Confirm that the file is complete before copying it to the appliance.
- Upload the artifact. Copy
vco_update.tarto/var/lib/velocloud/software_update/vco_update.tar. - Run the update utility. From the appliance shell, execute
sudo /opt/vc/bin/vco_software_update. Follow the utility’s status output and do not interrupt the process. - Expect the reboot. The upgrade process requires a mandatory system-level reboot of the Orchestrator. Plan for the resulting management interruption and wait for the appliance to return before testing services.
- Keep the old backup. After a successful upgrade, the Orchestrator does not support rolling back to the previous release. Preserve the pre-change backup for recovery or rebuild decisions.
“The upgrade process requires a mandatory system-level REBOOT of the Orchestrator.”
The command is vendor-specific. Its presence in one release guide does not authorize running it against an unsupported image, an incorrectly named file or a replicated pair.
How is an active/standby DR upgrade different?
A replicated deployment must use the guide’s active/standby upgrade and failover sequence. Replication state, role ownership and failover order are part of the procedure; treating the pair as two independent standalone appliances can create inconsistent state.
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| Decision point | Standalone appliance | Active/standby DR pair |
|---|---|---|
| Procedure | Use the documented image upload and vco_software_update workflow. |
Follow the release-specific active/standby upgrade and failover sequence. |
| Replication handling | Not applicable. | Check replication health and role ownership before each planned transition. |
| Outage planning | Plan for the mandatory appliance reboot and management interruption. | Plan role changes, failover behavior and any interval in which both nodes are unavailable. |
| Rollback expectation | No rollback after a successful image upgrade. | Do not assume replication provides rollback; retain complete backups and follow the supported recovery method. |
| Support involvement | Escalate if the utility reports an error or validation fails. | Have support available for role, replication or failover anomalies. |
Before the window, identify which node is active, confirm that the standby is healthy and record the expected state after each failover. Do not improvise a standalone command sequence on a replicated system.
What should I verify after the reboot?
Verification must cover both the appliance and the SD-WAN service it controls. A login page alone does not prove that the upgrade is healthy.
- Confirm that the Orchestrator reports the intended target version and build.
- Check that core services start cleanly and that CPU, memory, disk and database health are normal.
- Verify edge and gateway connectivity, alarms, monitoring data and configuration access.
- For a DR pair, confirm the active/standby roles and replication state.
- Inspect certificate validity, hostname resolution, NAT behavior and browser access from an approved management network.
- Run a controlled configuration read and, where permitted by the change plan, a low-risk configuration update.
- Review system and audit logs for failed services, authentication errors, cryptographic warnings or storage problems.
- Keep the maintenance freeze until these checks pass and the support contact agrees that the service is ready.
How do I secure VeloCloud Orchestrator accounts?
Start with identity controls, because a correctly patched appliance is still exposed if administrative access is shared or excessive.
Use named, least-privilege accounts
- Create an individual account for every operator; avoid shared administrator credentials.
- Assign only the permissions needed for each person’s duties and review them when responsibilities change.
- Enable two-factor authentication where the deployed release and policy support it.
- Configure login lockout properties, including
operator.user.lockout.enabledand the failed-attempt behavior documented for the release. - Remove dormant accounts and record who is authorized to approve emergency access.
Test the lockout and recovery process with a controlled account before relying on it during an incident. Store break-glass credentials under the organization’s approved emergency-access controls.
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How should I secure TLS certificates and browser access?
Use a managed certificate chain when policy requires it and keep the private key under organizational control. Certificate replacement is both a trust decision and an availability change, so validate the complete chain, names and renewal owner before deployment.
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Certificate controls
- Replace self-signed certificates when clients, policy or compliance requirements call for a managed certificate authority.
- Protect the private key so it is accessible only to authorized administrators and the Orchestrator service.
- Record certificate expiry, intermediate certificates and renewal responsibility.
- After replacement, test the UI, API clients and any automation that validates the server chain.
Set the browser-origin address correctly
Configure network.public.address to the address that approved browsers use to reach the Orchestrator. Browser-origin validation protects WebSocket-based remote diagnostics. If users reach the system through an alternate portal address, configure that address explicitly as the guide requires; otherwise remote diagnostics or browser sessions can fail even when ordinary HTTPS appears reachable.
How do I reduce network exposure?
Place management access behind firewalls and security groups that allow only required administrator, automation and support sources. Keep the documented inbound TCP/80 and TCP/443 flows and established outbound connections needed for operation and updates, while denying unrelated exposure.
- Separate the management network from general user networks where the design permits.
- Limit source IP ranges for administrative access and review them after organizational changes.
- Monitor firewall denies and successful administrative connections.
- Ensure NAT preserves the public address and ports used by the Orchestrator and by browser-origin validation.
- Do not expose additional shell or database services simply to simplify troubleshooting.
Should I enable FIPS mode?
Choose non-FIPS, compliant or strict mode according to the applicable security policy and the compatibility requirements of your deployment. FIPS is not a cosmetic setting: it changes cryptographic behavior, can reboot the appliance and can trigger cryptographic rekeying.
Understand the modes
- Non-FIPS: Use when the applicable policy does not require FIPS-approved cryptography.
- Compliant/FIPS: Enables approved cryptography and an application security system with allowlisted core applications, denied processes and audit logging.
- Strict: Applies the stricter cryptographic policy; regular security updates are limited to non-cryptographic packages.
Decide the mode before production where possible. Schedule the change as an outage-risk operation, warn administrators about the reboot and rekeying, and test certificates, integrations and monitoring afterward. In FIPS operation, review the application-security audit trail; the guide documents audit administration through aa-logprof.
How should I configure warnings, audit and ongoing resilience?
Security is an operating practice after the upgrade, not a one-time setting.
Warn and record
- Configure the administrator warning banner with
login.warning.banner.messageso authorized users see the organization’s access notice. - Forward or retain relevant authentication, system, upgrade and FIPS audit logs according to the retention policy.
- Alert on repeated lockouts, certificate failures, unexpected role changes, replication faults and disk or database warnings.
Maintain recovery capability
- Keep active/standby replication healthy and test a controlled failover using the release procedure.
- Schedule backups and periodically verify that full-volume copies are usable.
- Monitor CPU, memory, disk, database, edge/gateway connectivity and replication state.
- Maintain a written restore procedure with owners, access requirements and post-restore validation.
- Reassess VM capacity and firewall rules when the tenant, map usage or managed-edge count grows.
What can go wrong during an update?
| Symptom | Likely check | Safe response |
|---|---|---|
| Update utility refuses to start | Image name or location, free disk space, permissions and target-release support. | Stop, correct the documented prerequisite and contact support rather than substituting an unapproved command. |
| Appliance does not return after reboot | Hypervisor console, VM resources, storage availability and system logs. | Use the recovery plan and pre-change backups; do not assume a second reboot will repair an incomplete image conversion. |
| Browser login works but remote diagnostics fail | network.public.address, alternate portal configuration, NAT and WebSocket firewall handling. |
Correct the browser-origin and network path, then retest from an approved client. |
| DR roles or replication are unexpected | Active/standby state, failover step and replication health. | Pause configuration changes and use the DR procedure or support escalation. |
| Certificate or integration errors appear after hardening | Certificate chain, private-key match, hostname and cryptographic-mode compatibility. | Restore the supported certificate configuration from the change plan and investigate the affected client before broadening access. |
What is the safest operating sequence?
- Inventory the release, topology, support entitlement and dependencies.
- Validate VM resources, persistent volumes, free space, public addressing and firewall flows.
- Back up configuration and all required storage volumes; verify the copies.
- Choose the standalone or DR procedure and freeze unrelated changes.
- Apply only the supported image and command for the target release.
- Allow the mandatory reboot and retain the pre-change backup because rollback is unavailable.
- Verify version, services, connectivity, replication, certificates, alarms and logs.
- Apply identity, TLS, browser-origin, network, FIPS and audit controls in a controlled security change.
- Document the final state and schedule backup and failover checks.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is VMware VeloCloud Orchestrator still documented under VMware?
Current operational material is published in Arista Networks’ VeloCloud SD-WAN documentation family. Select the guide for the exact target release rather than relying on an older VMware-branded procedure.
Does NAT satisfy the Orchestrator public-IP requirement?
The documented platform can use a public IP directly or through NAT. The mapping must remain stable, expose the required management ports, and match the address used for browser-origin validation.
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It records a service limit of 25,000 Google Maps loads per day for more than 90 consecutive days. That figure is relevant to deployments using map rendering, not a measure of upgrade speed or VM performance.
Who should decide whether FIPS or strict mode is appropriate?
The decision belongs to the authority responsible for your cryptographic and compliance policy, with input from the Orchestrator and integration owners. Check client compatibility and schedule the reboot and possible rekeying before enabling the mode in production.
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