Quick wins for a faster PC:
Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFix Now →Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Some links on this page are affiliate links: if you buy through them we may earn a commission, at no extra cost to you.
There is no single objectively “best” e-commerce admin dashboard template in 2026. The right choice depends first on whether you need a user-interface layer for an existing backend or a commerce platform that already supplies products, orders, checkout, and administration. For an existing API, shortlist a stack-compatible template such as Apex Dashboard, Haze Dashboard, TailAdmin, Sneat, Metronic, Larkon, Fastkart, Vuexy, NextAdmin, or CoreUI. For a new store where the backend is part of the requirement, evaluate Medusa, Saleor, PrestaShop, or Shopware instead. The options below are organized by that decision, framework, workflow coverage, integration effort, and licensing—not by a common independent benchmark.
Roundups published by AdminLTE.IO on August 24, 2026, and Colorlib on August 14, 2026, identify these products and categories, but their feature and price summaries should be checked against the current vendor edition before purchase.
As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.
What is an e-commerce admin dashboard template?
An e-commerce admin dashboard template is a set of frontend screens and components for managing a store: products, orders, customers, inventory, payments, reports, and related settings. It normally supplies layout, navigation, tables, forms, charts, responsive behavior, and visual styling. Your team still connects those screens to authentication, a database, APIs, payment services, permissions, background jobs, and deployment infrastructure.
A commerce platform is a different category. It may include the store engine, catalog and pricing rules, cart and checkout, order processing, customer accounts, tax and shipping logic, and an operational admin. A platform can still use a separate storefront theme, but it is more than a collection of screens.
#1 Best Overall
- Read Before You Buy — No Video Output: These adapters support charging and USB 2.0 data transfer, but cannot transmit video signals. Except for standard USB webcams (which use USB data only), they are not compatible with HDMI/DisplayPort cables, video-capable USB-C hubs, or docking stations with video output.
- Convert USB-A Ports to USB-C: Designed to connect USB-C earphones, cables, flash drives, card readers, and other USB-C accessories to standard USB-A ports. Plug-and-play with no drivers or software required.
- Aluminum Alloy Housing: Built with a sturdy aluminum alloy shell that aids in heat dissipation and protects against daily wear and scratches. Designed to maintain a stable and secure connection.
- Compact & Travel-Friendly: The ultra-compact design allows the adapter to stay plugged into your device without blocking adjacent ports or adding bulk, reducing wear and tear on your original USB ports.
- 12-Month Warranty: Backed by a 12-month manufacturer warranty for peace of mind. Designed to meet strict quality control standards for reliable everyday performance.
| Choice | What you receive | What you still build or operate | Best fit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standalone dashboard template | Frontend admin views and UI components | Backend, data model, authentication, permissions, integrations, business rules, hosting | A team with an existing API or a bespoke commerce backend |
| Commerce platform with admin | Store engine plus operational dashboard and commerce workflows | Configuration, extensions, theme work, deployment, upgrades, and any missing business rules | A new store that needs working commerce capabilities sooner |
| Marketplace category | A selection of third-party templates filtered by framework | Product-by-product verification of code quality, support, license, and feature depth | Teams comparing many React or Next.js designs quickly |
How should you choose between a template and a commerce platform?
Start with the system you already have. If orders, inventory, customers, and payments already live in a backend, a template can reduce frontend work without forcing a migration. If you are starting from an empty repository and need a functioning catalog and checkout, a platform usually removes more risk than assembling an admin UI yourself.
Choose a standalone template when
- Your product, order, customer, and inventory APIs already exist.
- You need a custom internal workflow that commercial platforms do not model cleanly.
- Your team has frontend capacity but does not want to redesign every table, form, and chart.
- You can own authentication, authorization, audit logs, payment integrations, and data validation.
Choose a commerce platform when
- You need catalog, cart, checkout, order, and customer functions as a coherent system.
- You want documented APIs and a built-in admin rather than wiring every screen to a new backend.
- You can accept the platform’s data model, extension model, and release cycle.
- You need to launch an operational store before investing in a fully bespoke back office.
Use a hybrid approach when
A platform can provide the commerce backend while a separate React, Vue, Angular, or Bootstrap dashboard replaces selected administrative screens. Confirm API coverage, authentication flow, webhooks, rate limits, and license terms before assuming a template will plug in directly.
Recommended Free Tools
Which 25 e-commerce admin dashboard options are worth shortlisting in 2026?
The list combines named template products, framework editions, marketplace categories, and full commerce platforms identified in the 2026 comparison coverage. It is a transparent shortlist, not a laboratory ranking: the source roundups do not use one shared independent test protocol, and a product family may not include identical pages or capabilities in every edition.
| # | Option | Category and stated stack | Workflow or positioning to investigate | Integration expectation | Price/licensing status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Apex Dashboard | Paid Next.js/React dashboard variant | Sales, orders, products, and customer-management screens are described in the roundup. | Connect to your own API, auth, and data services; verify the exact edition. | Current price and license not stated; check the vendor. |
| 2 | Haze Dashboard | Paid Next.js option with admin and storefront views | Combines dashboard and storefront-oriented screens. | Determine which screens use live logic and which are sample or mock data. | Current price and license not stated; verify before buying. |
| 3 | TailAdmin free edition | Free dashboard variant; multiple framework options are advertised | E-commerce dashboard screens for teams testing a stack before paying. | Backend, permissions, and commerce behavior remain your responsibility. | Free edition; exact license and feature matrix must be checked. |
| 4 | TailAdmin paid edition | Paid dashboard variants across listed framework families | Broader component and page coverage than the free offering may be available. | Confirm the chosen framework, source access, updates, and support terms. | Paid pricing is volatile; use the current vendor listing. |
| 5 | Sneat free edition | Free e-commerce variant | Entry-level admin pages for a proof of concept or internal tool. | Implement API calls, validation, and production security yourself. | Free edition; exact framework and license are edition-specific. |
| 6 | Sneat premium edition | Premium e-commerce variant | Expanded page and component set compared with the free edition is the reason to investigate it. | Verify which workflow pages are complete implementations versus presentation screens. | Current premium price and license not stated. |
| 7 | Metronic React edition | Premium template family; React variant listed | Product and order-oriented admin pages. | Requires your backend and a check of the exact React release. | Premium; license and price vary by current terms. |
| 8 | Metronic Angular edition | Premium template family; Angular variant listed | Useful where the existing team standard is Angular. | Match Angular and dependency versions to your application before committing. | Premium; current terms must be verified. |
| 9 | Metronic Vue edition | Premium template family; Vue variant listed | Administrative product and order interfaces. | Check Vue version, state-management approach, and API examples. | Premium; current terms must be verified. |
| 10 | Metronic Laravel edition | Premium template family; Laravel variant listed | Relevant when the dashboard and server application share a Laravel ecosystem. | Confirm whether backend examples are included or the package is still primarily a UI layer. | Premium; current terms must be verified. |
| 11 | MUI Store React listings | Curated paid React marketplace category | Several e-commerce admin designs can be filtered within a React-focused catalog. | Each listing has its own data model, support level, and integration work. | Listing-specific price and license; no category-wide guarantee. |
| 12 | MUI Store Next.js listings | Curated paid Next.js marketplace category | Useful for teams standardizing on Next.js and React. | Read the individual listing’s server-rendering, routing, and API documentation. | Listing-specific price and license. |
| 13 | Larkon | E-commerce admin template named in the roundups | Investigate its product, order, and dashboard page coverage. | Framework, version, and backend examples must be confirmed on the current product page. | Current price and license not stated in the available data. |
| 14 | Fastkart | E-commerce template named in the roundups | Store-management and storefront-oriented screens are the primary reason to shortlist it. | Check whether commerce behavior is functional or visual and identify supported frameworks. | Current price and license not stated. |
| 15 | Vuexy | Dashboard template named in the roundups | Consider where a broad admin component library matters more than a narrowly modeled commerce backend. | Verify the e-commerce edition, Vue or React variant, and integration examples. | Current price and license not stated. |
| 16 | NextAdmin | Admin template named in the roundups | Candidate for Next.js teams seeking a prebuilt administrative shell. | Confirm commerce page depth, authentication examples, and supported Next.js version. | Current price and license not stated. |
| 17 | CoreUI e-commerce implementation | Admin UI family named in the roundups | Useful as a component foundation when your team will assemble commerce-specific pages. | Expect substantial modeling and backend integration unless the selected package includes more. | Edition-specific licensing and pricing; verify directly. |
| 18 | PrestaShop back office | Commerce platform with an administrative system | Catalog, orders, and store operations are part of a fuller platform rather than a theme-only package. | Configure the platform and extensions; custom dashboards may still need API work. | Current hosting, extension, and license costs are not stated here. |
| 19 | Shopware administration | Commerce platform with admin capabilities | Evaluate when operational commerce features matter more than a standalone visual kit. | Plan for platform configuration, extensions, and upgrade compatibility. | Edition and commercial terms vary; verify the current offering. |
| 20 | Medusa admin | Headless commerce platform with an admin dashboard | Backend commerce scope and an operational admin distinguish it from a frontend template. | Assess deployment, API, data model, and the amount of custom admin work still required. | Current hosting and service costs are not stated. |
| 21 | Saleor dashboard | Headless commerce platform with dashboard | Suitable for teams evaluating an API-first commerce backend and administration together. | Validate required channels, permissions, payments, and deployment model. | Current service and hosting costs are not stated. |
| 22 | DashboardPack React catalog | Vendor catalog of React dashboard templates | Useful for comparing React source, documentation, and demos in one catalog. | Choose a specific product and connect it to your backend. | Catalog item prices and licenses vary. |
| 23 | DashboardPack Next.js catalog | Vendor catalog of Next.js dashboard templates | Relevant to teams already using Next.js routing and React components. | Verify data-fetching approach, authentication, and version compatibility per item. | Catalog item prices and licenses vary. |
| 24 | DashboardPack Laravel catalog | Vendor catalog of Laravel dashboard templates | Shortlist when PHP and Laravel are established in the backend. | Confirm whether each item is a Blade/UI package, a full starter application, or both. | Catalog item prices and licenses vary. |
| 25 | Custom Shopify- or WooCommerce-connected dashboard build | Integration route, not a single packaged product | Use a compatible React, Vue, Angular, or Bootstrap template as the presentation layer. | Requires the platform’s APIs, webhooks, authentication, rate-limit handling, and permission mapping. | Template and platform fees are separate; no single price applies. |
Which template is best for an existing React or Next.js backend?
Apex Dashboard, Haze Dashboard, TailAdmin, NextAdmin, Vuexy, and the React or Next.js marketplace categories are the most natural starting points when your application already uses React. Apex is described with sales, order, product, and customer screens; Haze combines admin and storefront views; TailAdmin offers free and paid paths; and marketplace catalogs let you filter by framework. None should be assumed to include your production backend.
What to verify before selecting a React-family template
- React and Next.js versions, routing model, and whether server components or client components are used.
- Whether tables, filters, pagination, bulk actions, and exports are wired to example data or real service calls.
- How authentication state, role-based navigation, and unauthorized responses are handled.
- Whether forms include validation, optimistic updates, error states, loading states, and accessibility attributes.
- Whether the license permits commercial deployment, client work, multiple projects, and redistribution of modified source.
Which options suit Vue, Angular, Laravel, or Bootstrap teams?
Framework compatibility is a first-pass filter, not a cosmetic preference. Rewriting a dashboard from React to Vue or Angular can cost more than the template saves, while a Laravel team may benefit from a package that matches its server-rendering and asset pipeline.
Rank #2
- 5-in-1 USB-C Hub: Experience comprehensive connectivity featuring a Power Delivery input, two USB-A 2.0 ports, a USB-A 3.0 port, and an HDMI port. (Note: The USB-C power delivery input port is only for connecting an external wall charger to power your laptop and cannot power peripheral devices.)
- 90W Pass-Through Charging: Achieve optimal charging with 90W pass-through power to your laptop, supported by a total input of 100W, with the hub reserving 10W for operational efficiency. (Note: Wall charger not included.)
- Quick Data Transfers: Accelerate your productivity with rapid data transfers using a high-speed 5Gbps USB 3.0 port and two 480Mbps USB 2.0 ports.
- 4K HDMI Display: Enhance your visual experience with a hub capable of delivering 4K resolution at 30Hz in both mirror and extend modes. Please note that this hub is compatible with MacBook (macOS 12 and newer), Windows 10 and 11, ChromeOS, and laptops equipped with DP Alt Mode and Power Delivery. Note: This device is not compatible with Linux.
- What You Get: Anker USB-C Hub (5-in-1, 4K HDMI), welcome guide, 18-month warranty, and our friendly customer service.
Vue
Investigate TailAdmin’s applicable edition, Metronic’s Vue variant, Vuexy, and Fastkart. Confirm the exact Vue version, state-management pattern, build tooling, and whether the e-commerce pages are included in the edition you are buying.
Windows Errors? Fix Them Before They Spread
Repair common Windows errors and clear accumulated junk for a smoother, more stable PC - no reinstall needed.Free scan · no reinstallOutdated Drivers Are Slowing You Down
One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchAngular
Metronic’s Angular variant is the clearest named candidate in the supplied comparisons. Check Angular and TypeScript versions, module or standalone-component usage, and whether charting and table dependencies align with your application.
Laravel
Metronic’s Laravel variant and the Laravel catalog from DashboardPack are logical places to look. Establish whether the package contains Blade views, controllers, models, migrations, seed data, or only frontend assets; those distinctions change the integration estimate substantially.
Bootstrap or framework-agnostic work
Fastkart, Larkon, CoreUI, and other Bootstrap-oriented products can be useful when you want markup and styling without adopting a new frontend framework. Treat them as UI foundations and plan to implement API calls, state transitions, validation, and permission checks.
Do these dashboards work with Shopify or WooCommerce?
They can, but “works with” normally means that your team connects the template to the platform’s APIs; it does not mean the downloaded dashboard automatically becomes the platform’s native admin. You must map products, variants, customers, orders, refunds, inventory, discounts, and fulfillment states to the template’s views.
Rank #3
- Sleek 7-in-1 USB-C Hub: Features an HDMI port, two USB-A 3.0 ports, and a USB-C data port, each providing 5Gbps transfer speeds. It also includes a USB-C PD input port for charging up to 100W and dual SD and TF card slots, all in a compact design.
- Flawless 4K@60Hz Video with HDMI: Delivers exceptional clarity and smoothness with its 4K@60Hz HDMI port, making it ideal for high-definition presentations and entertainment. (Note: Only the HDMI port supports video projection; the USB-C port is for data transfer only.)
- Double Up on Efficiency: The two USB-A 3.0 ports and a USB-C port support a fast 5Gbps data rate, significantly boosting your transfer speeds and improving productivity.
- Fast and Reliable 85W Charging: Offers high-capacity, speedy charging for laptops up to 85W, so you spend less time tethered to an outlet and more time being productive.
- What You Get: Anker USB-C Hub (7-in-1), welcome guide, 18-month warranty, and our friendly customer service.
Integration checklist
- Choose the platform API version and authentication method, then create a least-privilege application or integration.
- Define a local data contract for products, variants, orders, customers, stock, money, tax, and status values.
- Implement server-side API calls so secrets are not exposed in browser bundles.
- Add pagination, retries, rate-limit backoff, idempotency, and webhook processing.
- Map platform permissions to dashboard roles; hide a button in the UI only as a convenience, never as the security boundary.
- Handle partial failures—for example, an order update succeeding while an inventory update is rejected—and show the operator an actionable state.
- Test refunds, cancellations, fulfillment changes, deleted products, inventory conflicts, and webhook retries before production.
What should an e-commerce admin dashboard include?
A convincing screenshot is not the same as a usable operations tool. Compare workflows at the action level.
Catalog and product management
- Products, variants, attributes, categories, tags, media, SEO fields, and publication status.
- Bulk edit, import/export, duplicate, archive, and scheduled publishing actions.
- Validation for prices, currencies, tax classes, stock thresholds, and required variant combinations.
Orders and fulfillment
- Searchable order list with filters for payment, fulfillment, channel, date, and customer.
- Timeline or audit history, fraud or review flags, notes, partial shipments, cancellations, and refunds.
- Explicit error and retry states for payment or fulfillment integrations.
Inventory
- Stock by SKU and location, reservations, adjustments, low-stock alerts, and transfer history.
- Concurrency protection so two operators cannot silently overwrite the same quantity.
Customers and permissions
- Customer profile, addresses, order history, consent records, and support notes.
- Role-based access, organization or store scoping, session expiry, and audit logs.
Payments and reporting
- Payment status, capture, authorization, refund, dispute, and reconciliation views.
- Revenue, margin, order count, average order value, and inventory reports with a clear time zone and currency.
When a listing says it includes “orders” or “payments,” ask whether that means a fully wired workflow, a static page, a chart fed by mock data, or an integration example. Those are materially different deliverables.
How much do these templates cost?
The available comparisons identify free and paid choices but do not establish one current price sheet. Free editions can still impose attribution, update, support, or project-count conditions. Paid products may use a single-project, multiple-project, extended, or agency license, and marketplace prices can change without notice.
| Cost question | Why it matters | What to confirm |
|---|---|---|
| Is the code free or merely a free demo? | A demo may omit source files, e-commerce pages, or production assets. | Download rights, source access, and included modules. |
| What does the license cover? | Commercial deployment, client projects, SaaS resale, and redistribution can have different rules. | Project count, seats, end products, attribution, and modification rights. |
| Are updates included? | Framework and dependency changes create maintenance work. | Update period, changelog, support channel, and upgrade policy. |
| What is the total cost? | A cheap UI can require expensive backend and integration labor. | Developer time, platform fees, hosting, extensions, payment services, and future upgrades. |
Because prices and included features are volatile, use the current vendor or marketplace page immediately before purchase. Do not treat a roundup’s historical price as a quote.
Do these 3 things before closing this tab:
1Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute2Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors3Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesWhat technical checks prevent an expensive mismatch?
- Install a representative build. Open the product list, product editor, order detail, customer detail, and inventory screen—not just the landing page.
- Compare dependency versions. Record the framework, UI library, chart library, table library, CSS tooling, Node or PHP requirement, and browser support.
- Trace one real workflow. Replace mock data with a staging API and test loading, empty, validation-error, authorization-error, timeout, and retry states.
- Inspect source organization. Look for reusable components, route-level code splitting, typed API clients, tests, linting, and clear environment configuration.
- Check accessibility. Test keyboard navigation, focus handling, form labels, color contrast, table semantics, and screen-reader announcements for asynchronous updates.
- Measure operational fit. Confirm time zones, currencies, decimal precision, localization, date formats, and large-catalog performance.
- Review the license with procurement or counsel. Keep the license text and purchase receipt with the project record.
What are the common failure modes?
The template looks complete but contains mock data
Replace the sample service with a staging API before approval. Mark every screen as static, read-only, or fully operational, and estimate the missing mutations separately.
Rank #4
- Dual Converters, Infinite Potential:Includes 2× USB C male to USB A female adapters and 2× USB A male to USB C female adapters. Perfect for a wide range of uses—tablets with Bluetooth keyboards, expand USB ports on macbook, and more. Two different converters for all your daily needs
- Next-Level 10Gbps & 3A Charging: No more slow 480Mbps, this usb to usb c adapter has a transfer speed of up to 10Gbps, allowing you to do more transferring in less time. This usb adapter fits both USB A and USB C charger, supporting up to 3A fast charging
- Upgraded Exquisite Craftsmanship: With an aluminum alloy housing and metal connector, the usbc to usb adapter is extremely durable and sturdy. Rigorously tested to withstand more than 10,000 times of plugging and unplugging, ensuring long-lasting performance
- Broad Compatible: The usb c to usb adapter widely supports all USB C/ USB A devices like laptops, tablets, cellphones, car chargers, and phone chargers. Such as compatible with MacBook Pro/Air 2023/2022, Thunderbolt 4/3 Devices,Apple MagSafe Watch 9/8/7/SE/Ultra, iPad Pro 2022/2021, Samsung Galaxy S23/S20/S10, and iPhone 17/16/15 Pro. Plug and play
- Please Note: To reach 10Gbps speed, keep the cable under 3.3 ft. For USB A Male to USB C adapters, try flipping the USB C connector. USB C Male to USB A adapters support bidirectional 10Gbps transfer within 3.3 ft
The framework edition is wrong
Do not assume a product family ships the same pages in React, Vue, Angular, Laravel, and Bootstrap editions. Verify the exact download, version, changelog, and demo for your stack.
Commerce states do not map cleanly
Platforms often distinguish authorization, capture, fulfillment, cancellation, refund, and dispute states. Create an explicit mapping table and make unsupported transitions unavailable rather than displaying a misleading generic “complete” status.
API limits make the dashboard unreliable
Use server-side caching where appropriate, cursor pagination, exponential backoff, webhook-driven updates, and visible stale-data timestamps. Never solve rate limits by silently dropping records.
A free license blocks the intended use
Read the license before designing around the template. If a client project, SaaS product, or multiple deployment targets are excluded, the apparent saving disappears when you have to replace the UI.
Which shortlist should you use for each project type?
| Project situation | First options to inspect | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Existing Next.js API and a small team | Apex Dashboard, Haze Dashboard, TailAdmin paid edition, NextAdmin | They align with the Next.js/React workflow described in the comparisons. |
| Need a free proof of concept | TailAdmin free edition, Sneat free edition | Both are identified with free e-commerce variants; verify limits before commercial use. |
| Large multi-team admin with several frontend choices | Metronic, MUI Store listings | Framework variants or marketplace filters can support a broader evaluation. |
| Vue or Angular organization | Metronic Vue or Angular edition, TailAdmin’s applicable edition, Vuexy | Start with the existing team’s framework and verify exact version support. |
| Laravel-centered application | Metronic Laravel edition, DashboardPack Laravel catalog | Potentially closer to the server-side asset and view workflow. |
| New store requiring commerce backend | Medusa, Saleor, PrestaShop, Shopware | These are platforms with operational commerce scope, not just frontend screens. |
| Shopify or WooCommerce already runs the store | A compatible React, Vue, Angular, or Bootstrap template plus an API integration | The key decision is API and permission work, not a claim of automatic compatibility. |
The practical winner is the option that matches your backend, framework, workflows, and license with the fewest unowned assumptions. Treat screenshots as a starting point; approve a template only after one real staging workflow succeeds end to end.
Best Value
- 5-in-1 Connectivity: Equipped with a 4K HDMI port, a 5 Gbps USB-C data port, two 5 Gbps USB-A ports, and a USB C 100W PD-IN port. Note: The USB C 100W PD-IN port supports only charging and does not support data transfer devices such as headphones or speakers.
- Powerful Pass-Through Charging: Supports up to 85W pass-through charging so you can power up your laptop while you use the hub. Note: Pass-through charging requires a charger (not included). Note: To achieve full power for iPad, we recommend using a 45W wall charger.
- Transfer Files in Seconds: Move files to and from your laptop at speeds of up to 5 Gbps via the USB-C and USB-A data ports. Note: The USB C 5Gbps Data port does not support video output.
- HD Display: Connect to the HDMI port to stream or mirror content to an external monitor in resolutions of up to 4K@30Hz. Note: The USB-C ports do not support video output.
- What You Get: Anker 332 USB-C Hub (5-in-1), welcome guide, our worry-free 18-month warranty, and friendly customer service.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use a dashboard template for a multi-vendor marketplace?
Usually only after extending the data model and permissions. You need seller-scoped catalogs, orders, payouts, commissions, disputes, and staff roles; a template that shows a single-store order table will not supply those rules automatically.
Should the admin dashboard be a separate application?
Often yes, especially when operators need stricter network controls, separate deployment, or different release timing from the storefront. Keep authentication, authorization, audit logging, and API contracts centralized even when the frontend is deployed separately.
Free tools Windows power users keep installed
One-click scans. No signup required.
How do I keep a purchased template maintainable?
Create an upgrade branch, document every customization, avoid editing vendor files when extension points exist, and pin dependency versions. Before each upgrade, replay catalog, order, inventory, and permission tests against a staging environment.
What accessibility standard should an admin dashboard target?
Use WCAG 2.2 AA as a practical baseline, then test the actual workflows with keyboard navigation and assistive technology. Pay particular attention to focus after dialogs, table sorting announcements, inline validation, and status changes that happen without a page reload.
Quick Recap
Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.

