Start with the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) Corporate Filings – Regulation 31(1) and 31(2) page. Search for the company name or trading symbol, select a date range, and open the filing attachment or download the available CSV. Then use NSE’s Regulation 31 Event Based view to identify whether an entry is a creation, release or invocation and to see the event date, share count, reason, beneficiary and lender details. If the company is also listed on BSE, cross-check its corporate-filings record and preserve the signed attachment as the primary document.
The quickest route to a promoter-pledge disclosure
Promoter encumbrance records are exchange filings made under Regulation 31 of the SEBI (Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers) Regulations. The most searchable starting point is NSE’s Regulation 31(1) and 31(2) corporate-filings index. Enter the company’s name or symbol, choose a period that covers the suspected transaction, and inspect the matching row.
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The index normally shows the promoter name, reporting date, promoter holding, holding already encumbered and an attachment. The attachment is important: the index is a navigation table, while the filed document contains the promoter’s submitted figures, signature and filing date. Download or save that document before drawing a conclusion.
For a transaction-level view, switch to the NSE Regulation 31 Event Based page. It separates creation, release and invocation and adds the information needed to interpret what happened. A BSE filing is a useful independent check for a dual-listed company, and SEBI’s corporate-filings directory points users to both exchanges’ filing areas.
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What Regulation 31 requires promoters to disclose
Regulation 31(1): existing encumbrance
Regulation 31(1) requires the promoter of a target company to disclose shares in that company encumbered by the promoter or by persons acting in concert with the promoter. “Encumbrance” is broader than a simple bank pledge. The filing can identify a pledge, lien, non-disposal undertaking or another form of restriction on dealing with the shares.
Regulation 31(2): invocation or release
Regulation 31(2) covers what happens to an existing encumbrance. The promoter must disclose an invocation of the encumbrance or its release. An invocation generally means the secured beneficiary has enforced its rights over the shares; a release means the restriction has been removed. Neither event should be described as a new pledge merely because it appears in a later filing.
Regulation 31(3): the filing deadline
Under Regulation 31(3), disclosures under sub-regulations (1) and (2) are due within seven working days of the creation, invocation or release. The filing must go to every stock exchange where the shares are listed and to the target company at its registered office. NSE’s compliance calendar notes an exception where the encumbrance is undertaken in a depository.
The seven-working-day period runs from the relevant event, not from the date an exchange posts the entry. A late-looking exchange entry is therefore not automatically evidence that the event itself occurred late.
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Regulation 31(4): annual “no other encumbrance” declaration
Regulation 31(4) calls for an annual declaration that no other encumbrance was made during the financial year. That declaration is due within seven working days after the financial year and must be sent to the stock exchanges and the company’s audit committee. It is separate from an event filing and should not be treated as proof that no pledge existed at any earlier point in the year.
How to search the NSE Regulation 31 index
- Open the Regulation 31(1) and 31(2) corporate-filings page. Use the NSE corporate-filings section rather than a general news or disclosure search.
- Enter the company name or symbol. Try the exchange’s exact symbol if a full-name search returns too many results. Check spelling and legal entity name when the issuer has changed names.
- Set a date range wide enough to catch the event. Include the suspected event date and several working days afterward, because the reporting date can differ from the event date.
- Read the row before opening the file. Note the promoter name, reporting date, promoter holding and the amount already encumbered. These fields help distinguish a status disclosure from a transaction.
- Open the attachment. Save the original filing, including any PDF, spreadsheet or signed form. The attachment is the promoter’s filed record and may contain details that are abbreviated in the index.
- Use the CSV when you need a wider review. A downloaded CSV can help filter multiple reporting dates or promoters, but use the individual attachment to verify the figures and signatures.
If a search returns no row, broaden the period first, then try the company’s symbol and full name separately. A missing result does not establish that no encumbrance existed; it may indicate a different reporting date, an exchange-specific record or a search mismatch.
What the NSE event-based view tells you
The Regulation 31 Event Based page is designed for event-level interpretation. It can show:
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- Whether the event is a creation, release or invocation.
- The event date, number of shares and percentage involved.
- The reason stated for the encumbrance or the subsequent action.
- The entity in whose favour the shares are encumbered.
- The ultimate lender or debenture issuer, where reported.
- The promoter’s holding after the event and the post-event encumbered holding.
- The broadcast date and time and the regulation under which the filing was made.
Use the event type and event date as the starting point. Then compare the shares involved with the post-event balance. For example, a release should normally reduce the encumbered balance, while an invocation may change the promoter’s holding and the secured beneficiary’s position. The filing itself controls: do not infer a release merely from a lower number without checking the stated event type and encumbrance type.
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How to verify a dual-listed company on BSE
Search BSE’s corporate-filings database for the same company and reporting period. Open the company’s Regulation 31 attachment rather than relying only on a search-result summary. BSE forms can show the promoter holding, existing encumbrance, event type and date, encumbrance type, reason, lender or beneficiary and post-event holding.
For a company listed on both exchanges, compare the NSE and BSE records field by field:
- Event type: creation, release or invocation.
- Event date versus reporting or broadcast date.
- Number and percentage of shares.
- Encumbrance type and stated reason.
- Beneficiary or ultimate lender.
- Post-event encumbered balance.
Small presentation differences do not necessarily mean the filings conflict. Exchanges may display the same submission with different date labels or rounding. If the index and attachment disagree, treat the signed attachment as the primary record and retain both versions for an audit trail.
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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchUsing SEBI’s corporate-filings directory
SEBI’s Corporate Filings page is a directory rather than a replacement for the exchange records. It links to NSE and BSE filing sections, including shareholding-pattern and other corporate-disclosure areas. Use it when you need to confirm that you are in the official exchange filing channel or when a company’s listing information makes the correct exchange unclear.
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The exchange attachment remains the document to examine for promoter-pledge details. The directory helps you reach the relevant filing systems; it does not add event facts that are absent from the filed form.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.How to read dates without misreporting the event
At least three dates can appear in one record:
- Creation, release or invocation date: when the underlying event occurred.
- Reporting date: the date associated with the promoter’s submission or disclosure record.
- Broadcast date and time: when the exchange published or disseminated the filing.
Keep these dates separate in notes and in any article, investment memo or compliance log. Saying that shares were “invoked on the broadcast date” can be wrong when the promoter reported an earlier event. The seven-working-day requirement in Regulation 31(3) is measured from creation, invocation or release, so the event date is the date that matters for deadline analysis.
How to identify what actually changed
Read the figures as a sequence rather than as isolated percentages. The useful comparison is:
- Promoter holding before or at reporting: the promoter’s total holding in the company.
- Holding already encumbered: the amount subject to an encumbrance before the reported event, where provided.
- Event shares: the number and percentage affected by the creation, release or invocation.
- Post-event encumbered holding: the balance after the event.
- Post-event promoter holding: the promoter’s resulting holding, where the form reports it.
Also read the encumbrance type. A pledge, lien and non-disposal undertaking can have different legal and practical effects, even though each restricts dealing with shares. The reason field can explain whether the encumbrance supports borrowing, a debenture or another stated purpose. The beneficiary and ultimate-lender fields identify who receives the security or who ultimately provides the financing when that information is disclosed.
What the 2019 SEBI circular adds
SEBI’s Circular No. SEBI/HO/CFD/DCR1/CIR/P/2019/90, dated August 7, 2019, specifically concerns disclosure of the reasons for promoter encumbrance. When reviewing a filing, look for the reason field rather than assuming that every encumbrance secures the same kind of obligation. The circular does not turn an exchange index into a complete credit history; it improves the explanation attached to the reported encumbrance.
Resolving common search and interpretation problems
The company does not appear in the NSE search
- Try the exact trading symbol and the registered company name.
- Expand the date range to include the reporting period and the following working days.
- Check whether the company is listed on BSE, or on both exchanges.
- Use SEBI’s corporate-filings directory to confirm the correct exchange filing section.
The index shows a number but the attachment shows another
Do not average or choose the more convenient figure. Compare the labels, units, event date and reporting date, then use the signed attachment as the primary record. Keep a note explaining the discrepancy and cite the exchange index only as the location where you found the filing.
A later filing looks like a new pledge
Check the event type. A release or invocation under Regulation 31(2) is not a creation under Regulation 31(1). Confirm the event date, shares affected and post-event balance before describing a change in pledged shares.
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Use the beneficiary and ultimate-lender fields in the event-based view and the attachment. If those fields are blank or not stated, report that the filing does not identify the lender rather than inferring it from a separate market rumour or the company’s name.
A repeatable verification checklist
- Start at NSE’s Regulation 31(1) and 31(2) page.
- Search by both company name and symbol when necessary.
- Set a date range that covers the event and the seven-working-day reporting window.
- Open and preserve the attachment.
- Use the event-based view to classify creation, release or invocation.
- Record event date, reporting date and broadcast date separately.
- Compare promoter holding, existing encumbrance, event shares and post-event encumbered holding.
- Record encumbrance type, reason, beneficiary and ultimate lender when stated.
- Cross-check BSE for a dual-listed company.
- Use SEBI’s directory to confirm the official exchange filing route.
This process gives you the actual disclosure trail rather than a decontextualized pledge percentage. It also makes it possible to explain whether a change reflects a newly created security, a release, an invocation or merely a later publication of an earlier event.
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