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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchA useful home emergency kit covers several days without relying on electricity, tap water, mobile networks, or a quick trip to a store. Start with water, shelf-stable food, light, radio, first aid, sanitation supplies, medicines, documents, and a way to charge phones. Then adapt the kit for extreme heat, flooding, power loss, household medical needs, children, older adults, and pets.
Store the main kit where everyone can reach it, and keep a smaller, portable version ready for evacuation or use in a vehicle. Supplies help you cope; they do not replace evacuation orders, emergency medical care, or local instructions.
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Build the all-hazards kit first
FEMA’s basic checklist is a practical starting point. It calls for water and non-perishable food for several days, communication and lighting equipment, first aid, sanitation items, tools, and copies of essential information. The exact quantity depends on the number of people, pets, climate, medical needs, and how long local authorities may expect you to shelter or evacuate.
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|---|---|---|
| Water and food | Drinking and sanitation water; several days of non-perishable food; a manual can opener if you store cans | Water systems, stores, refrigeration, and roads may be unavailable |
| Alerts and communication | Battery-powered or hand-crank radio that receives NOAA Weather Radio tone alerts, spare batteries, charged phones, and an extra phone battery or charger | Cell service and household internet may fail during a hazard |
| Light and signaling | Flashlights, extra batteries, and a whistle | Provides safe lighting and a way to attract attention |
| Medical and personal needs | First-aid supplies, prescriptions, glasses, hearing-aid supplies, and other daily necessities | Pharmacies and medical equipment may be inaccessible |
| Sanitation and shelter | Moist towelettes, garbage bags, plastic ties, dust masks, plastic sheeting, and duct tape | Supports hygiene and temporary sheltering in place |
| Tools and information | Non-sparking wrench or pliers for utility shutoffs, local maps, and copies of important family documents | Basic decisions may be required without normal services |
| Household-specific supplies | Infant formula and diapers, pet food and water, mobility aids, and other essential items | Standard checklists cannot account for every household |
Water: use FEMA’s figure as a floor, not a universal answer
An older FEMA basic-kit checklist states: “Water, one gallon of water per person per day for at least three days, for drinking and sanitation.” That is a three-day minimum from FEMA, not a guarantee that the quantity will cover every household or hazard. Heat, illness, pregnancy, physical work, pets, remote locations, and a longer outage can all increase requirements.
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Calculate the minimum for every person, then add water for pets and extra capacity for cooking, hygiene, and people who cannot safely drink the local supply. Keep commercially packaged water or containers intended for potable storage, mark the fill or replacement date, and store containers in a cool place away from chemicals and direct sunlight. Follow the container manufacturer’s replacement guidance. During a boil-water or other water advisory, use the treatment method and instructions issued by local authorities rather than assuming stored water is the only safe source.
Food that works without a kitchen
Choose foods that household members will actually eat and that need little or no cooking: canned meals, shelf-stable protein, dried fruit, crackers, ready-to-eat grains, and infant or medical nutrition products as needed. Include a manual can opener and utensils. Balance calories, allergies, cultural preferences, and special diets. Rotate items before their best-by dates and keep a written inventory so a partially used kit does not quietly become incomplete.
Communication, light, charging, and navigation
Receive official alerts without the internet
Keep a battery-powered or hand-crank radio that can receive NOAA Weather Radio tone alerts, along with spare batteries even if the radio has a crank. Test reception from the storage location and learn how to select local channels. Official broadcasts, the Emergency Alert System (EAS), and local alerts may provide evacuation, shelter, flood, heat, or water-safety instructions when social media and broadband are unavailable.
Light every room safely
Store several flashlights rather than depending on a phone’s small light. Put spare batteries in sealed packaging and check them periodically for corrosion. Battery-powered lanterns can illuminate a room, but open flames create fire and carbon-monoxide risks. Keep a whistle with the kit for signaling if someone is trapped or cannot make a phone call.
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- Quick Data Transfers: Accelerate your productivity with rapid data transfers using a high-speed 5Gbps USB 3.0 port and two 480Mbps USB 2.0 ports.
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Preserve phone power
Charge phones, tablets used for medical monitoring, and power banks before severe weather arrives. Keep charging cables that match the household’s devices. A power bank is useful only if it is charged and compatible; check it during routine kit inspections. If the home relies on electrically powered medical equipment, ask the person’s doctor or equipment supplier about backup power, battery duration, safe storage, and a plan to reach a facility before the battery is exhausted.
Keep paper information available
Store local maps, emergency contacts, utility numbers, insurance information, medication lists, and meeting-place details on paper. Phones may be lost, damaged, or unable to connect. A household plan should identify an out-of-area contact, an evacuation destination, and how family members will reunite if they separate at work, school, or during travel.
Personal, medical, pet, and document supplies
Medicines and accessibility
Pack prescriptions and a list showing medicine names, doses, prescribing clinicians, allergies, and pharmacy contact information. Include glasses, contact-lens supplies, hearing-aid batteries, mobility-device chargers, and backup supplies for conditions such as diabetes. Ask clinicians how heat, refrigeration loss, missed doses, or delayed treatment affects each medicine. Do not assume a general first-aid kit contains the items a particular person needs.
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Children, older adults, and disabilities
Add diapers, wipes, formula, comfort items, age-appropriate food, and a way to keep children occupied without power. Older adults and people with disabilities may need extra water, cooling assistance, transfer equipment, communication cards, or a caregiver backup. Identify neighbors or relatives who can check in, and write down how to operate essential devices if a substitute caregiver must help.
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Pets and service animals
Store several days of pet food and water, bowls, medications, waste bags, a leash or carrier, and vaccination or ownership records. Never leave animals behind during an evacuation. Confirm in advance which shelters, hotels, or relatives can accept them; many emergency shelters cannot house pets except service animals.
Protect important documents
Keep identification, insurance, medical, financial, and property records in a waterproof container. Make password-protected digital copies and store them where a flood cannot destroy both the originals and the backup. Include contact details for insurers, employers, schools, doctors, and anyone who may need to verify your identity after a disaster.
Adapt the kit for extreme heat
Ready.gov describes extreme heat as high heat and humidity with temperatures above 90°F for at least two to three days. Heat waves can cause power loss, making cooling and hydration central parts of emergency planning.
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- Store enough drinking water for the household’s calculated need and keep it accessible, not locked in a hot garage.
- Identify an air-conditioned location such as a community center, library, or relative’s home, and plan transportation to it if the power fails.
- Keep loose, lightweight, light-colored clothing, hats, cooling towels, and battery-operated fans if they are useful for your household.
- Plan to reduce high-energy activity during the hottest part of the day and arrange check-ins for older adults, neighbors, children, people with chronic conditions, and pets.
- Know how local authorities announce cooling centers, health warnings, and transportation assistance.
Recognize heat illness
Drink fluids regularly and move to shade or a cooler place when possible. Heat stroke is a medical emergency. If it is suspected, Ready.gov advises calling 911 or getting the person to a hospital immediately; move the person to a cool, shaded area and cool the body if possible while help is coming. A home kit cannot substitute for emergency care or a reliable plan to reach a hospital.
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Adapt the kit for floods
Make an evacuation plan, not just a supply pile
Flood readiness depends on knowing when and where to leave. Map more than one route to higher ground or an official shelter, account for bridges that may close, and practice with every household member and pet. Keep a portable subset of the kit—water, food, medicines, documents, chargers, flashlight, radio, clothing, and pet supplies—in a container that can be lifted quickly.
Follow evacuation orders and monitor EAS, NOAA Weather Radio, and local alerts. Never walk, swim, or drive through floodwater: depth and current are difficult to judge, and submerged roads may hide debris, washouts, or electrical hazards. Return only when authorities say it is safe. Avoid touching wet electrical equipment and follow local instructions about contaminated water, cleanup, and utilities.
Keep documents and supplies above expected flood levels
Store the main kit on an upper floor or high shelf when flooding is plausible, but keep the evacuation bag where it can be grabbed without entering rising water. Waterproof containers protect paper, but they do not make a room safe. If a warning arrives, prioritize people and animals, then leave according to official instructions rather than trying to rescue belongings.
Adapt the kit for power outages
Plan for food, water, and communication loss
Charge devices before a forecast outage, fill approved drinking-water containers if local guidance allows, and monitor water advisories. Keep refrigerator and freezer doors closed. FEMA says a refrigerator will keep food cold for about four hours and a full freezer will stay at a safe temperature for about 48 hours. These are approximate guidance figures, not guarantees for every appliance, room temperature, or opening pattern.
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FEMA also advises discarding refrigerated food exposed to 40°F or higher for more than four hours. A refrigerator/freezer thermometer helps you make that decision, although it is an implementation of the advice rather than a named core-kit requirement. When in doubt about a perishable item after a prolonged outage, discard it; smell and appearance cannot reliably prove safety.
Use backup heat, cooking, and generators safely
Use generators, camp stoves, and charcoal grills outdoors, at least 20 feet from building openings such as windows, doors, and garages, following the equipment manual. Never use a gas stovetop, oven, grill, or dryer to heat the home. Carbon monoxide is colorless and odorless; a battery-powered carbon-monoxide alarm with a fresh battery is a sensible addition where local safety guidance and the device instructions support it.
Keep fuel outside living areas and let hot equipment cool before refueling. Do not connect a generator to household wiring unless a qualified electrician has installed the required transfer equipment. If you use powered medical devices or refrigerated medicines, contact a doctor or pharmacist before an outage to establish a safe backup and relocation plan.
Choose between a home kit and a portable evacuation kit
| Decision factor | Home kit | Portable kit |
|---|---|---|
| Main purpose | Support sheltering for several days | Leave quickly for a shelter, vehicle, or safer location |
| Typical contents | Bulk water, food, sanitation supplies, tools, extra batteries, and household equipment | Compact water and food, medicines, documents, chargers, radio, flashlight, clothing, and pet supplies |
| Power dependence | May include larger charging or cooling equipment | Must work while walking or traveling without grid power |
| Storage priority | Accessible, dry, and protected from heat or floodwater | Near an exit and light enough for the person carrying it |
| Maintenance | Rotate food and water; test batteries and equipment | Check expiration dates, clothing sizes, documents, and pet supplies more frequently |
Keep smaller kits at work, in vehicles, or in other places household members spend time, as FEMA recommends. Do not put all supplies in one location if a single flood, fire, or structural problem could block access.
Maintain the kit so it works
- Assign responsibility. Choose an adult who checks the kit and a backup person who knows its location and contents.
- Inspect on a schedule. At least twice a year, test radios, flashlights, power banks, alarms, and medical devices; replace corroded or expired batteries.
- Rotate consumables. Use and replace food, water, medicines, diapers, pet supplies, and hygiene products before they expire.
- Update records. Replace outdated medication lists, contacts, insurance documents, passwords, and meeting places.
- Practice the plan. Run a short power-outage drill, rehearse the flood evacuation route, and practice moving pets and the portable kit.
- Recheck after household changes. Recalculate water and food when someone moves in, a baby arrives, a pet is added, or a medical condition changes.
Use local alerts and emergency-management instructions during an actual event. Conditions, evacuation zones, shelter rules, utility shutoff procedures, and water-safety requirements vary by location.
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