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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchDubai businesses follow UAE federal tax rules. Corporate tax applies to financial years beginning on or after 1 June 2023. The headline corporate-tax rates are 0% on taxable income up to AED 375,000 and 9% on taxable income above AED 375,000. Value added tax (VAT) is a separate system: a UAE-resident business generally must register when taxable supplies and imports exceed, or are expected to exceed in the next 30 days, AED 375,000. Free-zone incorporation does not by itself remove either registration or recordkeeping obligations.
Your exact obligations depend on legal form, activities, turnover, customers, free-zone status, financial year and cross-border arrangements. The framework below separates corporate tax, VAT and accounting so you can identify what applies before setting up your compliance process.
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Which taxes apply to a Dubai business?
Dubai is part of the United Arab Emirates, so businesses operating there are covered by UAE federal corporate-tax and VAT legislation rather than a separate Dubai corporate-tax regime. Corporate tax and VAT are independent obligations: registering for one does not register the business for the other.
| Obligation | When it generally applies | Main threshold or rate | Key compliance action |
|---|---|---|---|
| Corporate tax | Taxable persons with a financial year beginning on or after 1 June 2023 | 0% on taxable income up to AED 375,000; 9% above AED 375,000 | Register with the Federal Tax Authority (FTA), calculate adjusted taxable income, file and pay within nine months after the tax period ends |
| VAT | Businesses making taxable UAE supplies, and certain non-resident suppliers | Mandatory registration at AED 375,000; voluntary registration at AED 187,500 | Issue compliant tax invoices, keep VAT records, file returns and pay by the applicable deadline |
These are headline rules. Exempt supplies, zero-rated supplies, deductible expenses, related-party dealings, permanent establishments and free-zone conditions can change the calculation.
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Who is within UAE corporate tax?
Companies and other juridical persons
A UAE-incorporated company is generally within corporate tax. A juridical person that is effectively managed and controlled in the UAE can also fall within scope. UAE free-zone entities are not automatically excluded. A non-resident juridical person can be taxable when it has a permanent establishment in the UAE.
All taxable persons, including free-zone persons, generally need an FTA corporate-tax registration number. A UAE branch of a domestic company is normally an extension of its parent rather than a separate juridical person, so it generally does not register separately. The parent remains responsible for the relevant corporate-tax obligations.
Individuals conducting business
A natural person is subject to corporate tax only when carrying on a business or business activity in the UAE and business turnover exceeds AED 1 million in a Gregorian calendar year. The AED 1 million test concerns business turnover, not every amount received by the individual.
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- Personal investment income is excluded.
- Income from personal real-estate investment is excluded.
An individual below the business-turnover threshold may still need accurate books for commercial, VAT or other legal purposes, but does not become a corporate-taxable natural person solely because salary or investment income is high.
How the 0% and 9% corporate-tax rates work
For UAE corporate tax, the first AED 375,000 of taxable income is taxed at 0%. Taxable income above AED 375,000 is taxed at 9%. Taxable income is not simply the amount in a bank account or gross sales: the calculation starts with accounting net profit or loss before tax and then applies adjustments required by the Corporate Tax Law.
| Taxable-income band | Rate | Illustration |
|---|---|---|
| Up to AED 375,000 | 0% | A company with AED 300,000 of taxable income has no corporate tax on that amount, although it may still have registration, filing and recordkeeping duties. |
| Above AED 375,000 | 9% on the amount above the threshold | If taxable income is AED 500,000, the amount above AED 375,000 is AED 125,000; the 9% rate applies to that excess under the headline calculation. |
The illustration does not replace a return calculation. Accounting adjustments, reliefs, exempt income, deductible and non-deductible expenditure, and connected-person or related-party rules must be reviewed for the relevant tax period.
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Do Dubai free-zone companies pay corporate tax?
Free-zone status is not a blanket corporate-tax exemption. A company can obtain the 0% rate on qualifying income as a Qualifying Free Zone Person only while it satisfies the statutory conditions. Income that is not qualifying income is subject to the applicable regular corporate-tax rate.
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What a free-zone company must still do
- Obtain an FTA corporate-tax registration number when required.
- Maintain accounting records and supporting documents.
- Separate qualifying and non-qualifying income in the accounting system.
- Prepare the required financial statements and tax schedules.
- File a corporate-tax return and pay any amount due on time.
The practical question is therefore not “Is the company in a free zone?” but “Do the company’s activities, income streams and operating arrangements meet the Qualifying Free Zone Person conditions for the period?” A free-zone company should document that analysis each year, especially where it sells to mainland customers, earns income from different activities or has related-party transactions.
When must a Dubai business register for VAT?
Mandatory registration for UAE-resident businesses
A UAE-resident business making taxable supplies must register when the value of taxable supplies and imports exceeded AED 375,000 in the previous period or is expected to exceed AED 375,000 in the next 30 days. The AED 375,000 figure is the mandatory-registration threshold identified by the Federal Tax Authority in 2024.
Voluntary registration
Voluntary VAT registration is available when taxable supplies and imports exceed AED 187,500. Voluntary registration can be useful where a business wants to recover eligible input VAT and operate within the VAT system, but it also creates invoicing, return, payment and recordkeeping responsibilities.
Non-resident suppliers
A non-UAE-resident business making taxable supplies in the UAE may have to register regardless of the value of those supplies when no other UAE person is liable to account for the tax. Cross-border businesses should examine the place of supply and whether a UAE customer or representative is responsible before assuming that the AED 375,000 threshold protects them.
VAT return and payment deadline
VAT returns and payment are generally due by the 28th day of the month following the end of the VAT accounting period. If the 28th falls on a non-working day or public holiday, the applicable FTA deadline rules can move the effective due date. Use the deadline shown for the business in the FTA system rather than relying on a calendar reminder alone.
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Corporate-tax registration, tax periods and filing
Register through EmaraTax
Corporate-tax registration is completed through the FTA’s EmaraTax platform when the business’s registration obligation arises. The precise deadline is not identical for every company: it depends on legal form, incorporation date, financial year and implementing decisions. A new company should determine its deadline from those facts rather than copy another company’s date.
Choose and document the financial year
Identify the first financial year that begins on or after 1 June 2023 and use it to establish the first corporate-tax period. Keep the incorporation documents, accounting-policy records and board or owner resolutions that support the chosen year. A change to the financial year can affect the tax period and filing deadline.
File within nine months
A taxable person files one corporate-tax return for each tax period within nine months after the end of that period. Payment is generally due on the same timetable. For example, if a tax period ends on 31 December, the normal nine-month window ends on 30 September of the following year, subject to the rules applicable to that entity and period.
Filing is required even where the calculation produces no tax because income is below AED 375,000 or a free-zone company claims qualifying-income treatment. Keep evidence supporting the calculation in case the FTA asks for it.
What accounting records must a UAE business keep?
Corporate-tax computation begins with accounting net profit or loss before tax. The accounting system therefore needs to produce reliable financial statements and a traceable audit trail from source documents to ledger entries and then to the tax return.
Core business records
- Payments, receipts, purchases, sales, profits and expenses.
- Inventory quantities, inventory values and stock counts.
- Balance sheets and profit-and-loss accounts.
- Wages and salaries, including payroll support.
- Fixed-asset purchases, depreciation records and disposals.
- Liabilities and shares held.
Additional VAT records
A VAT-registered business should also retain records of:
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- Taxable, zero-rated and exempt supplies and imports.
- Input-tax calculations and supporting purchase documents.
- Tax invoices and tax credit notes.
- Exports and evidence supporting their VAT treatment.
- Non-business use of goods or services.
- Adjustments, corrections and the workings behind each VAT return.
The FTA requires taxable persons to retain records and documents supporting information reported in tax returns. Official FTA material commonly specifies seven years for corporate-tax records. Confirm the applicable period for the entity and document type when writing a retention policy, and keep records in a format that can be produced promptly.
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Accounting basis and financial-reporting standards
Accrual accounting is the normal approach
Natural persons generally use accrual accounting for business activities. Under accrual accounting, income and expenses are recognized when earned or incurred rather than only when cash changes hands. This gives a clearer measure of profit and makes the link between financial statements and corporate-tax adjustments easier to document.
When cash accounting may be available
A cash basis may be available where turnover from business activities does not exceed AED 3 million, or in exceptional circumstances approved by the FTA. Eligibility should be checked for the relevant period and documented; choosing cash accounting simply because collections are irregular is not enough.
IFRS and IFRS for SMEs
Financial statements generally follow International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). An entity with turnover below AED 50 million may apply IFRS for SMEs where permitted. The accounting policy should be applied consistently and should still produce the schedules needed for VAT and corporate-tax reporting.
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Mainland versus free zone
Compare the actual activities and income, not only the licence location. A free-zone company must test whether it meets Qualifying Free Zone Person conditions and must track non-qualifying income separately. A mainland company avoids that specific classification exercise but remains subject to the same federal registration, filing and recordkeeping framework.
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Cash versus accrual basis
Cash accounting can simplify timing for an eligible small business, while accrual accounting generally gives better management information and a stronger audit trail. Compare eligibility, invoicing volume, inventory, receivables, financing and the effort required to reconcile tax returns before choosing.
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In-house bookkeeping versus a UAE-licensed professional
In-house staff can work for a simple business with disciplined controls. A UAE-licensed accountant or tax agent may be appropriate where the company has multiple revenue streams, imports, related parties, free-zone qualifying-income questions or cross-border permanent-establishment risks. Whoever prepares the books, management remains responsible for the records and filings.
Accounting-software capabilities
Before adopting software, verify that it can produce VAT-compliant invoices, tax credit notes, IFRS-compatible reports, related-party data, inventory records and corporate-tax schedules. It should also preserve an unalterable audit trail, support reconciliations to bank statements and export the documents needed for an FTA review.
Common compliance failures and how to prevent them
Treating a free zone as a permanent exemption
Prevent this by documenting qualifying activities and income, testing the conditions every tax period and maintaining separate reporting for other income.
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They do not. Register for corporate tax and VAT separately, monitor both thresholds and maintain separate filing calendars.
Using bank receipts as the accounting system
Bank statements do not show unpaid invoices, inventory, depreciation, payroll liabilities, owner transactions or VAT treatment. Post source documents to a ledger and reconcile the ledger to bank accounts and subledgers.
Missing the nine-month corporate-tax deadline
Set the deadline from the actual tax-period end date, start preparing financial statements before year-end and retain evidence for every adjustment from accounting profit to taxable income.
Keeping invoices but losing the supporting trail
Store contracts, purchase orders, delivery evidence, import and export documents, payment records, tax invoices, credit notes and adjustment workings together. A record is useful only if it supports the figure reported in the return.
Dubai business tax and accounting checklist
- Identify the legal form, mainland or free-zone location, activities, owners and any UAE permanent establishments.
- Set the financial year and determine the first corporate-tax period beginning on or after 1 June 2023.
- Register for corporate tax through EmaraTax by the deadline that applies to the entity.
- Assess VAT registration separately using the AED 375,000 mandatory and AED 187,500 voluntary thresholds, and check the non-resident rule.
- Configure bookkeeping for accrual accounting or a documented permitted cash basis.
- Track taxable and exempt income, deductible and non-deductible expenses, related-party transactions and, where relevant, free-zone qualifying income.
- Prepare IFRS-based or permitted IFRS-for-SMEs financial statements and supporting tax schedules.
- File and pay corporate tax within nine months after the tax-period end.
- File VAT returns and pay by the applicable 28th-day deadline, adjusted for non-working days and public holidays where required.
- Retain records for the applicable period, commonly seven years for corporate-tax records, and monitor FTA and Ministry of Finance updates.
The safest operating model is one integrated calendar with separate corporate-tax and VAT workstreams, monthly reconciliations and a document-retention policy. That approach prevents a common mistake: having enough information to run the business but not enough organized evidence to support the figures filed with the FTA.
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