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What Is Web Data Mining? Definition, Types, and Examples

Web data mining analyzes page content, link structures, or access records to discover useful patterns and knowledge.
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Web data mining applies data-mining techniques to data collected on or about the World Wide Web to discover useful patterns, relationships, or knowledge. Its three common branches are content mining (what web pages contain), structure mining (how pages connect), and usage mining (how people access pages or applications).

What does web data mining mean?

Web data mining, also called web mining, is the use of analytical methods to find useful information or patterns in web-derived data. The data may come from the material on web pages, the links between pages, or records of how people use a website or application.

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The distinction matters: collecting or extracting web data supplies material for analysis, but extraction alone is not mining. Mining begins when the data is analyzed to discover patterns or knowledge relevant to a question.

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What are the three types of web mining?

Type Data examined What it seeks
Web content mining Text, images, audio, video, tables, and other page content Useful information or patterns in the material presented by web documents
Web structure mining Hyperlinks and connections among web pages; some accounts also consider document structure Relationships, connectivity, and patterns in the web’s link graph
Web usage mining Server logs, clickstreams, and other records of access Patterns in how users access web pages or applications

These categories describe the main data source and analysis target, not mutually exclusive project goals. A recommendation project, for example, could combine page content with user behavior. It is most useful to classify an effort by the evidence it principally analyzes and the question it is meant to answer.

How does web data mining work?

At a high level, a project identifies web-derived data, prepares or represents it for analysis, applies suitable mining methods, and interprets the resulting patterns in context. The exact preparation and analysis depend on the data and question.

A documented workflow for usage mining

One described web usage mining framework has three phases:

  1. Preprocessing: prepare raw access records such as logs so they can be analyzed.
  2. Pattern discovery: use analytical methods to find recurring behavior in the prepared data.
  3. Pattern analysis: interpret the discovered patterns in relation to the question being investigated.

This is a workflow described for usage mining, not a required sequence for every content- or structure-mining project.

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How is web mining different from data mining, text mining, and scraping?

Web mining and general data mining

Web mining is an application of data mining: it applies data-mining techniques to data associated with the web. The web setting brings sources such as page content, links, and access records into the analysis.

Web mining and text mining

Text mining can overlap with web content mining because much web content is text. But web content mining is broader: it can analyze images, audio, video, tables, and other material as well as text.

Web mining and scraping

Scraping or other forms of collection may gather inputs, but they are not by themselves web data mining. Mining means analyzing those inputs to discover useful patterns or knowledge.

Web mining and web analytics

Analyzing access behavior is web usage mining, one branch of web mining. The overall field also includes content and structure mining, so web mining is not simply another name for web analytics.

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Is web data unstructured?

Not necessarily. Web data can be semi-structured or unstructured, but pages can also contain structured records, tables, and other structured data. A technical overview of the field discusses this range of data forms rather than drawing a strict boundary between web and database data.

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What is web data mining used to find?

The answer depends on the evidence and question. Content mining looks for information or patterns within page material; structure mining examines relationships represented by links; and usage mining looks for patterns in access records. A meaningful interpretation connects the pattern to its source data, analytical method, and intended use rather than treating a discovered pattern as self-explanatory.

For a broad technical reference, Springer lists Bing Liu’s Web Data Mining: Exploring Hyperlinks, Contents, and Usage Data, second edition, as a textbook covering these areas and related algorithms: Springer book listing.

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