The Open Graph Protocol (OGP) is a set of HTML metadata properties that tells social services what a webpage represents and what information to use when showing a link preview. The tags go in a page’s <head>; the four required properties are og:title, og:type, og:image and og:url. OGP describes a page for sharing—it does not create the page or its image.
What Open Graph Protocol means
The Open Graph Protocol enables a webpage to be represented as an object in a social graph. In practical terms, its metadata gives services that process shared links a title, content type, image and canonical URL to work with. It was created at Facebook, and its official specification describes a simple set of metadata for representing a page: Open Graph Protocol.
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OGP is not a visual component that visitors necessarily see on the page. It is metadata in the HTML source, usually added by the site owner or publishing platform. A social service may use it when constructing a preview, but the tags do not guarantee that every service will display the same preview.
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Which Open Graph tags are required?
The specification defines four required properties. Add them inside the document’s <head> and set each value to describe the page being shared.
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| Property | What it describes | Implementation note |
|---|---|---|
og:title |
The page or object’s title. | Use a clear title that identifies the page. |
og:type |
The kind of object. | Choose a type appropriate to the content, such as website, article or video.movie. |
og:image |
A representative image URL. | Use an image URL that represents the page and can be retrieved by the service generating the preview. |
og:url |
The object’s permanent graph identifier. | Use the canonical URL you intend to represent the page, not an unintended alternate or tracking URL. |
Basic HTML example
This generic example includes the four required properties and an optional description:
<html prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#">
<head>
<meta property="og:title" content="Page title">
<meta property="og:type" content="website">
<meta property="og:url" content="https://example.com/page">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://example.com/share-image.jpg">
<meta property="og:description" content="A short page description.">
</head>
</html>Useful optional Open Graph metadata
The four required properties are the foundation. The specification also describes optional properties that can add context or clarify the image and language.
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og:description: a one- or two-sentence description of the object.og:site_name: the name of the broader website.og:locale: the object’s locale; the specification givesen_USas the default.og:locale:alternate: an alternate locale for the page.og:image:alt: descriptive alternative text for the image. Describe what is in the image rather than using the text as a caption.
Image metadata can also include og:image:secure_url, og:image:type, og:image:width and og:image:height. Other optional properties include og:audio and og:video. Some object types have related properties; for example, article metadata can include publication and modification times.
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Choose a type that matches the content
Set og:type to a type suited to the object, such as website, article or video.movie. The specification says a webpage without marked-up type information should be treated as a website. It also allows custom types through a namespace.
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Make og:url the intended canonical object URL
The og:url value serves as the object’s permanent identifier in the graph. If your site considers a particular URL canonical, use that value rather than a duplicate URL, an unintended variant, or a URL with parameters that should not identify a separate object.
How repeated Open Graph values work
OGP permits multiple values by repeating the relevant meta tag. When values conflict, the first value in document order takes precedence. For example, if you provide more than one og:title, do not assume a parser will choose the one you intended if another appears earlier.
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Structured image properties belong after their corresponding og:image root property. A later og:image starts a new image group, so keep each image’s details next to the root tag they describe.
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Open Graph versus platform-specific card metadata
Open Graph and platform-specific metadata are not interchangeable in every context. A Google web.dev guide shows Twitter Card metadata using separate name="twitter:…" properties alongside Open Graph tags, and recommends checking a page’s appearance on each social service: Social discovery. That guide was last updated on October 7, 2014, so treat its platform examples as historical context rather than a guarantee of current platform requirements. Check the current guidance and preview behavior of the service where you plan to share links.
How to check your Open Graph implementation
- Inspect the page HTML. Confirm that the metadata is in the document’s
<head>and that the four required properties have values. - Check the canonical URL and image. Verify that
og:urlis the intended object identifier and thatog:imagepoints to the intended representative image. - Review the order of repeated tags. If there are conflicting values, the first one in document order is preferred; keep structured image properties after their image root tag.
- Use the relevant platform’s preview or debugger. The Open Graph Protocol site lists Facebook Object Debugger as Facebook’s parser and debugger. Check how the page appears on the services where it will be shared; tool availability and behavior can change.
A syntactically complete set of tags does not prove how a particular platform will render a preview. Check each target service rather than assuming one parser’s result predicts all others.
Common Open Graph mistakes
- Leaving out a required property: include
og:title,og:type,og:imageandog:url. - Using the wrong object URL: set
og:urlto the canonical URL you want associated with the object. - Omitting image alternative text: add descriptive
og:image:altwhen useful, following the specification’s recommendation. - Assuming duplicate values are unordered: the first value in document order is preferred, so remove or reorder conflicting tags.
- Assuming OGP replaces every other metadata format: platforms may have their own metadata conventions. Verify current requirements and preview behavior for each target service.
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