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The power of AI is worrying senior Labour figures — as is the fear of ‘falling behind the public’

By Freedom251 Team · · 5 min read

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Labour is betting that rapid artificial-intelligence adoption can raise productivity, modernise public services and help Britain compete. Senior figures are also worried that the public sees AI as threatening, opaque and unfair — and that a government moving too quickly could lose trust. The political challenge is to pursue useful deployment while proving that workers, privacy and accountability will not be treated as afterthoughts.

Labour’s AI strategy is built around speed and scale

Ministers want publicly controlled AI computing capacity to increase twenty-fold by 2030. The plan also proposes using anonymised NHS data for research and innovation, with privacy safeguards, and applying AI to practical tasks such as identifying potholes, helping teachers personalise lessons and speeding up planning applications. The government has forecast that AI could add up to £470 billion to the UK economy over the following decade, according to The Guardian in 2025.

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Prime Minister Keir Starmer described the case in terms of everyday gains: “Artificial intelligence will drive incredible change in our country. From teachers personalising lessons, to supporting small businesses with their record-keeping, to speeding up planning applications, it has the potential to transform the lives of working people.”

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The urgency has become more explicit in 2026. Former Downing Street chief of staff Morgan McSweeney warned that democracies could fall behind if they fail to embrace AI, while Tony Blair said countries and companies would “rise or fall” according to how they respond. That language frames adoption as a competitiveness imperative rather than an optional technology programme.

Why Labour is worried about public reaction

Government research cited in 2025 found that the three words people most associated with AI were “robot”, “scary” and “worried”. Susie Alegre, a barrister specialising in technology and human rights, argued that any national AI plan must confront real-world effects on people and the planet rather than presenting adoption as an unqualified good.

That concern matters because many AI systems are difficult for the people affected by them to inspect or challenge. A system used in recruitment, benefits administration, education or healthcare can produce an apparently objective result while embedding errors or bias. Public confidence therefore depends not only on whether a tool works, but also on clear responsibility, routes of appeal and safeguards for sensitive information such as health records.

The government’s answer is mass training — but the skills gap is already large

Then technology secretary Peter Kyle said workers should turn “trepidation” into “exhilaration”, warning that people could be left behind. He described a government-industry drive to train 7.5 million UK workers — about one fifth of the workforce — by 2030, with Google, Amazon and BT among the companies involved.

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The Department for Science, Innovation and Technology’s AI Labour Market Survey 2025, produced with Gardiner & Theobald, shows why that target is ambitious:

Measure Finding What it indicates
Organisations reporting at least one AI skills gap 97% Shortages are close to universal among surveyed organisations.
Technical skills gap 57% Demand is high for people who can build, integrate or manage AI systems.
Non-technical skills gap 30% Employers also need governance, communication and practical implementation skills.
Organisations struggling to fill AI roles 35% Recruitment constraints could slow responsible deployment.
AI hires entering through apprenticeships 19% in 2025, up from 3% in 2020 Apprenticeships are becoming a more significant route into the field.
Organisations planning to adopt agentic AI within three years 57% Employers expect systems capable of carrying out multi-step tasks, increasing the need for oversight.
Women’s share of AI roles 20% in 2025, four percentage points lower than in 2020 Expansion is not automatically producing a more representative workforce.

Training numbers alone will not settle the problem. Access can vary by age, location, job level and employer budget, while people already under-represented in technical roles may not benefit equally from new opportunities. Training also needs to cover safe use, data protection and checking AI output, not just how to operate a particular tool.

Which jobs face the clearest near-term risk?

AI is more likely to change the tasks inside a job before it eliminates an entire occupation. Nevertheless, employer expectations point to specific areas of exposure. A Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development survey of 2,019 UK senior HR professionals and decision-makers, conducted from 19 September to 14 October 2025, found that 17% of employers expected AI to reduce their workforce within a year.

Among those employers, 62% identified clerical, junior managerial, professional or administrative roles as most likely to be lost. In the large private sector, 26% expected headcount to fall. These are expectations rather than confirmed redundancies, but they show where adjustment pressure may arrive first: routine information handling, scheduling, document production, basic analysis and other work with repeatable digital processes.

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CIPD senior labour-market economist James Cockett said AI has “great potential for improving productivity and performance”, while warning that it also risks leaving people behind. The practical question for an employee is therefore not simply whether AI will “take my job”, but which parts of the job are exposed, what new responsibilities may appear and whether the employer will provide time and training to adapt.

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The public is using AI while remaining deeply sceptical

A Freshwater Strategy poll reported by City A.M. in 2026 found that 66% of UK voters had used AI assistants. Usage rose to 82% among people under 35, showing that familiarity is spreading even as confidence remains limited.

Question UK voters
Expect AI to have a positive effect on the UK over the next three years 31%
Expect a negative effect over the next three years 28%
Believe AI will replace jobs faster than it creates them About 67%
Expect more misinformation and deepfakes 66%

The figures describe a population that is not rejecting AI outright. People are trying these systems, but many do not believe economic benefits will be shared fairly or that institutions can control the harms. That gap between use and optimism is the source of Labour’s “falling behind the public” fear: ministers could appear timid on growth if they slow adoption, yet appear dismissive if they treat anxiety as ignorance.

What Labour must prove before scaling deployment

  • Visible accountability: Public bodies should identify who is responsible for an AI-assisted decision, publish understandable explanations and provide a meaningful human review route.
  • Privacy by design: Anonymisation of NHS data must be paired with strict access controls, clear purposes and enforcement when information is misused.
  • Worker transition support: The 7.5-million-person training ambition needs measurable access, paid learning time and options for people in roles most exposed to automation.
  • Independent evaluation: Claims about faster planning, better lessons or improved services should be tested for accuracy, unequal impacts and cost before expansion.
  • Protection against synthetic deception: Measures addressing misinformation and deepfakes must preserve legitimate political speech while making manipulated material easier to identify.
  • Inclusive opportunity: The fall in women’s share of AI roles shows that recruitment and progression policies need to be monitored, not assumed to improve automatically.

These safeguards do not require Britain to abandon ambitious adoption. They determine whether productivity gains become durable public benefits or trigger resistance after preventable failures. Labour’s central political test is to show, in concrete services and workplaces, that speed and protection can operate together.

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AI skillsArtificial IntelligencejobsLabourpublic servicesUK politics

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