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To send outbound email from a Cloudflare Worker, configure a send_email binding in Wrangler and call env.EMAIL.send(message). First, your domain must be onboarded for Cloudflare Email Service and use Cloudflare DNS. This guide covers outbound sending; incoming mail uses a separate Email Routing workflow.
Set up your domain for Email Service
Cloudflare’s requirement is explicit: “You must be using Cloudflare DNS to use Email Service.” In the Cloudflare dashboard, open the Email Sending area and onboard the domain you intend to send from. The setup guide describes adding DNS records for bounce routing, SPF, DKIM, and DMARC. These records support the service’s email configuration; follow the values shown for your domain rather than copying records from another domain.
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Cloudflare says DNS changes typically complete in 5–15 minutes for domains using Cloudflare DNS, but global propagation can take up to 24 hours. Those are expected timings, not a guarantee. Cloudflare’s send-email setup guide walks through onboarding and record setup.
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1Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute2Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors3Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesConfigure the Worker binding
Add a send_email binding to your Wrangler configuration. The binding name is the property your Worker uses on env; the example below names it EMAIL. You can also restrict the binding to permitted senders or recipients where appropriate. Keep this email-specific configuration separate from the general Worker deployment settings: Wrangler’s general configuration requires name, main, and compatibility_date.
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Cloudflare documents the binding and its optional restrictions in the Workers API reference. Check the generated TypeScript types for your project’s compatibility settings and binding name.
Send a message with env.EMAIL.send()
The binding’s send() method accepts an EmailMessage or EmailMessageBuilder and returns a promise. A basic structured message includes a recipient, a sender on your configured domain, a subject, and a text or HTML body:
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export interface Env {
EMAIL: SendEmail;
}
export default {
async fetch(request: Request, env: Env): Promise<Response> {
try {
const result = await env.EMAIL.send({
to: "[email protected]",
from: "[email protected]",
subject: "Welcome",
text: "Thanks for signing up.",
});
return Response.json({ success: true, messageId: result.messageId });
} catch (error) {
return new Response("Email send failed", { status: 500 });
}
},
};Replace the example addresses with a real recipient and a sender address appropriate to your configured domain. The example catches a send failure and returns an HTTP error; in an application, log or otherwise handle the error according to your needs without exposing sensitive details to the requester. Cloudflare’s API example also shows returning the message ID when the send call succeeds.
Message formats, attachments, and limits
Structured messages can include text or HTML content. The Workers API documents attachments as base64-encoded content and sets a maximum total message size of 5 MiB, including attachments. It also documents a maximum of 50 recipients for the structured message. These are Cloudflare’s published limits, not independent test results; design your application to stay within them.
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For the exact message fields and attachment shape, consult the Workers API reference. Validate user-supplied recipient addresses and content before sending, and avoid treating an HTTP success from your Worker as proof that a message reached the inbox.
Develop, deploy, and verify
- Create or prepare a Worker: Cloudflare’s getting-started workflow uses
npm create cloudflare@latest. - Add the remote email binding: Configure the
send_emailbinding in Wrangler for the Worker. - Run locally: Start the development server with
npx wrangler devand trigger the code path that sends a message. - Deploy: Use the deploy script in your project as described in the getting-started workflow.
- Check the outcome: Look in the recipient’s inbox and spam folder. Cloudflare’s example response distinguishes delivered, permanently bounced, and queued recipients, so a successful API response should not be read as a guarantee of inbox placement.
See Cloudflare’s getting-started guide for its current setup and deployment workflow.
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Choose the interface that matches where your code runs
| Where the code runs or what it handles | Documented interface | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Cloudflare Worker sending outbound mail | send_email binding and env.EMAIL.send() |
Send messages from Worker code. |
| Application outside Workers sending outbound mail | REST API or SMTP | Use Email Service from an external application through its documented interfaces. |
| Incoming mail addressed to a configured route | Email Routing and a Worker email() handler |
Forward, reply to, reject, or process inbound messages. |
Cloudflare documents the binding as the native Worker path; REST API and SMTP are options for other applications. This is a distinction by execution context and interface, not a claim about comparative speed, deliverability, or price.
Outbound sending is different from inbound Email Routing
Use env.EMAIL.send() when Worker code needs to send outbound email. Email Routing handles incoming messages: it can direct mail to a verified destination or a Worker, where an email() handler can forward, reply, reject, or process it. An inbound handler is not a general replacement for the outbound sending binding. See Cloudflare’s inbound email handler documentation and routing-address documentation.
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A narrow exception for verified destinations
Cloudflare documents that a verified Email Routing destination address can be sent to directly through the REST API or Workers binding, free of charge on any plan, including when only Email Routing is configured. Those sends do not count toward monthly quota or daily sending limits. This applies to verified destination addresses only; it does not establish the same terms for arbitrary recipients or all Email Service sending. A routing rule pointing to an unverified destination remains disabled. Details are in Cloudflare’s email routing rules and addresses documentation.
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