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Selenium 4.0.0 was announced on October 13, 2021, for Java, .NET, Python, Ruby, and JavaScript. It brought new WebDriver capabilities and a rebuilt Selenium Grid while aiming to keep upgrades straightforward for users of public APIs. The “94” in the title may refer to Chrome DevTools Protocol (CDP) 94 support in a historical Ruby DevTools release, but the available project notes do not confirm that interpretation.
When was Selenium 4 released?
The Selenium project announced Selenium 4.0.0 on October 13, 2021. Its official 2021 archive lists a Selenium 4 Release Candidate 2 post on October 2, followed by the final 4.0 announcement on October 13. The announcement covered the Java, .NET, Python, Ruby, and JavaScript bindings. Read the Selenium 4.0.0 announcement and view the 2021 archive.
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What changed in Selenium 4?
WebDriver features
The announcement highlights relative locators, new ways to wait for DOM changes, and ways to inspect JavaScript errors. These capabilities add options for expressing element relationships and diagnosing browser behavior in automated tests.
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Selenium described the update as intended to be a straightforward dependency change for projects relying on public APIs. Simon Stewart, a Selenium project author, wrote, “We’ve worked hard to ensure that the public APIs remain as stable as possible.” That is not a guarantee that every project upgrades without changes: code depending on internal or deprecated APIs may need migration work.
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What changed in Selenium Grid?
Selenium 4’s Grid was rebuilt to support standalone, hub-and-node, and distributed deployments, including infrastructure oriented toward Kubernetes. The release announcement also describes Docker container management, a redesigned interface over GraphQL, live VNC previews, and OpenTelemetry support. These changes matter most to teams operating browser-test infrastructure: choose a deployment shape that matches your scale and environment rather than assuming every Grid installation needs a distributed setup.
What does “Selenium 94” mean?
The number may point to Chrome DevTools Protocol version 94. The SeleniumHQ Ruby changelog says the selenium-devtools 0.94 release added CDP 94 support and removed CDP 92. That makes CDP 94 a plausible historical explanation for “94,” but it does not establish that this was the title’s intended meaning. See the Selenium Ruby changelog.
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That changelog entry is historical, not a statement of current protocol compatibility. CDP support changes over time, so check the changelog and binding version relevant to your project before relying on a particular protocol version.
How should you approach an upgrade?
- Identify your binding and version. Check whether the project uses Java, .NET, Python, Ruby, or JavaScript and record the current Selenium dependency.
- Check for non-public dependencies. Search your code and extensions for internal or deprecated Selenium APIs; those are the likeliest sources of migration work.
- Upgrade in a controlled branch. Update the Selenium dependency, then run your existing browser tests across the browsers and environments your team supports.
- Review Grid configuration separately. If you operate Grid, decide whether standalone, hub-and-node, or distributed deployment fits your infrastructure, and validate container and observability changes before rollout.
- Verify DevTools needs. If tests use CDP, check the binding’s changelog for its specific protocol support instead of inferring compatibility from the Selenium major version.
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Version status and what not to assume
The available official release-category search excerpt includes a Selenium 4.49 entry but does not establish its release date or confirm it as the newest release as of October 4, 2026. Do not treat 4.49—or CDP 94—as a definitive current version without checking a dated project release and the changelog for your binding.
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