Use Puppeteer to visit each authorized URL, set the same viewport before navigation, wait for a page state that suits the site, and save each capture under a unique filename. The script below processes URLs one at a time and closes each page and the browser even if a capture fails. Before automating or retaining screenshots, check the current terms for every publisher you plan to capture: some Indian publishers restrict automated access, copying, or archiving.
Check publisher terms before running a batch
A browser being able to load a page does not mean you have permission to automate access, copy its contents, or keep screenshots. The Indian Express terms dated December 27, 2021 restrict automated access, extraction, downloading, and storage without permission, and also address copying and archiving. The Hindu Group terms prohibit certain scraping or content-collection tools without prior written consent and prohibit caching or archiving. NDTV Profit’s terms restrict automated monitoring or copying and systematic retrieval. Hindustan Times terms surfaced in the available material also restrict automated access and certain copying, caching, archiving, or indexing, with a stated exception for public search engines subject to robots.txt.
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These are examples, not a blanket rule for every Indian publisher or a legal determination. Check the current terms for each chosen domain and obtain publisher approval where required. Do not use Puppeteer to bypass a paywall, CAPTCHA, rate limit, or other access control. For an authorized workflow, use publisher-approved access and retain only what that authorization permits.
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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchInstall Puppeteer and prepare the URL list
This Node.js example uses Puppeteer’s JavaScript API and ES module imports. Create a project and install Puppeteer:
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npm init -y
npm install puppeteerSave the script below as capture-news.mjs. Replace the sample URLs with pages you are authorized to capture. The sample domains are illustrative; they are not a recommendation to automate those publishers.
Runnable sequential screenshot script
import puppeteer from 'puppeteer';
import fs from 'node:fs/promises';
const urls = [
'https://example.com/',
'https://news.example.in/'
];
const outputDir = 'screenshots';
const viewport = { width: 1440, height: 900, deviceScaleFactor: 1 };
const navigationTimeoutMs = 45_000;
await fs.mkdir(outputDir, { recursive: true });
const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
const results = [];
try {
for (const [index, url] of urls.entries()) {
const page = await browser.newPage();
const filename = `${outputDir}/site-${String(index + 1).padStart(2, '0')}.png`;
const capturedAt = new Date().toISOString();
try {
await page.setViewport(viewport);
page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(navigationTimeoutMs);
const response = await page.goto(url, { waitUntil: 'networkidle2' });
if (!response) {
throw new Error('Navigation returned no main-document response');
}
await page.screenshot({ path: filename, fullPage: true, type: 'png' });
console.log(`Saved ${filename} (${response.status()})`);
results.push({ url, filename, capturedAt, status: response.status(), outcome: 'saved' });
} catch (error) {
console.error(`Failed ${url}: ${error.message}`);
results.push({ url, filename, capturedAt, outcome: 'failed', error: error.message });
} finally {
await page.close();
}
}
} finally {
await browser.close();
}
await fs.writeFile(
`${outputDir}/manifest.json`,
JSON.stringify({ viewport, results }, null, 2)
);
if (results.some(result => result.outcome === 'failed')) {
process.exitCode = 1;
}Run it with node capture-news.mjs. It creates the screenshots directory if needed, saves one PNG per URL, and writes a manifest with each URL, filename, timestamp, viewport, status where available, and outcome. A failed URL is recorded and does not prevent later URLs from being attempted; the process exits with a failure code after the batch if any URL failed.
Choose viewport-only or full-page capture
Viewport-only image
Page.screenshot() captures the current viewport by default. To make that explicit, use fullPage: false. This is useful when comparing the visible top of each site or when you need captures with the same pixel dimensions.
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Use fullPage: true to request an image of the full document. Puppeteer’s ScreenshotOptions reference defines fullPage as false by default, so set it explicitly when you need a full-page capture. A very tall page or a page that loads more content while scrolling may require site-specific handling; one full-page call is not a guarantee that every lazy-loaded item or dynamic module has appeared.
Capture one element
If you need a specific article card, headline block, or other element rather than the entire page, locate it and call ElementHandle.screenshot(). For example:
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const article = await page.$('article');
if (!article) throw new Error('Could not find the article element');
await article.screenshot({ path: 'screenshots/article.png' });The selector is site-specific; inspect the page and choose a stable selector permitted by the publisher’s terms.
Keep the captures comparable
Set the viewport before navigation and use the same dimensions and device scale factor for each URL in a comparison batch. Responsive sites can change their layout when the viewport changes. Choose dimensions for the intended output rather than treating 1440 by 900 as a universal standard. A mobile capture is a separate responsive view, not simply a smaller desktop screenshot; use a consistent mobile viewport for every site in that batch.
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Puppeteer’s viewport guidance recommends setting the viewport before navigating when a site may respond to viewport changes. If you change viewport after loading, the page may reflow and trigger additional behavior, making comparisons less consistent.
Choose a readiness condition that fits the page
The example waits for networkidle2, a navigation option that can be a useful starting point, not proof that a news page has fully settled. A publisher page may keep connections open, update modules dynamically, load ads, or defer images until they approach the viewport. Conversely, a page’s load event can occur before all content you care about is visible.
- For a mostly static page, try a navigation wait such as
domcontentloadedornetworkidle2, then verify the result on representative pages. - If a particular headline or container must be present, wait for a selector with
page.waitForSelector('selector')after navigation. - If content is lazy-loaded below the fold, controlled scrolling can prompt it to load, but the exact tactic must be validated on the target site; there is no generic guarantee for all news pages.
- Set a project-appropriate timeout and decide whether the batch should continue after an individual failure. The example records the failure and continues.
For instance, to wait for a known page element after navigation, add await page.waitForSelector('main article', { timeout: 15000 }); before taking the screenshot. Replace the selector with one that actually exists on your authorized target pages.
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Name files so URLs cannot overwrite each other
The script uses a zero-padded index in filenames, so two URLs on the same host still produce separate files. This avoids collisions that can happen when a filename is derived only from the hostname. The manifest keeps the original URL and capture outcome alongside each filename, making it easier to trace a file back to its source.
If you prefer host-based filenames, sanitize the hostname and retain an index as well; URLs may repeat a host or include paths that would otherwise collide. Avoid writing raw URLs directly into paths without sanitizing them.
Handle failures and clean up reliably
The inner finally closes the current page whether navigation or screenshot capture succeeds or throws. The outer finally closes the browser even if the loop fails. This prevents a failed site from leaving the browser process running.
The script treats a missing main-document response as a failure and logs HTTP status when a response exists. An HTTP error status does not necessarily mean navigation itself threw, so inspect the recorded status and the screenshot before treating a file as a valid page capture. If a browser launch fails, check that the runtime can start Puppeteer’s browser and that the host has the required system libraries.
PNG, JPEG, and output size
The sample writes PNG files, which preserve crisp text and avoid lossy compression. If smaller files matter more than lossless output, request JPEG and set a quality value, for example await page.screenshot({ path: filename, type: 'jpeg', quality: 80, fullPage: false });. Quality is relevant to JPEG; do not assume that a JPEG and PNG of the same page will have the same size or visual characteristics. Use the format and capture extent that suit the downstream use.
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Performance and batch reliability
Sequential processing is a sensible default for a small batch: it is straightforward, limits simultaneous browser work, and makes failures easier to associate with a URL. It is an implementation choice, not a Puppeteer requirement. If you later add bounded concurrency, keep a limit rather than opening an unbounded number of pages, and confirm that your authorization and target site can support the request pattern.
Capture duration depends on the target site’s response, chosen readiness condition, and screenshot size; no single wait condition gives a universal completion time. For recurring jobs, retain the manifest, review failed entries, use an explicit timeout policy, and avoid retry loops that could repeatedly hit a publisher without permission.
Troubleshooting
Navigation times out
The page may have persistent network activity, a slow response, or a blocked request. Try a more suitable readiness event such as domcontentloaded, or wait for a page-specific selector after navigation. Set a timeout that reflects your workflow; do not simply remove time limits.
The screenshot is blank or missing expected modules
Check whether navigation returned a response and whether the target content exists before capture. A load or network-idle condition may not correspond to the content you need. Wait for a relevant selector and validate lazy-loaded behavior on that specific site.
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Images below the fold are absent
Many pages defer images until they are near the viewport. A full-page screenshot request does not establish that every lazy image has loaded. If those images are necessary, use an authorized, site-validated scroll or readiness strategy before capturing.
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Files are overwritten
Use a unique index or another collision-resistant naming scheme. Host-only filenames can collide when capturing multiple URLs from one domain; the sample’s numbered filenames avoid that issue.
The browser does not close after a failure
Keep page closure in an inner finally and browser closure in an outer finally. Avoid removing those cleanup blocks when adding custom capture logic.
A publisher blocks automation or presents a CAPTCHA
Stop rather than attempting to evade the block. Confirm permission and use publisher-approved access methods; do not bypass CAPTCHAs, paywalls, rate limits, or access controls.
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If an authorized workflow needs an API rather than a locally managed browser, ScreenshotNeo is a screenshot API and MCP server. Its endpoint can return a screenshot or PDF from a single GET request. The example below saves a WebP capture of the supplied URL; see the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for parameters and response details.
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://example.com/ -o shot.webp- Cookie and consent banners are accepted before capture, and 60+ known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets can be removed; each step can be turned off.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can I run the loop with several URLs from the same publisher?
Technically, yes, but first confirm that the publisher permits the access pattern and screenshot retention you intend. The numbered filenames prevent URLs from overwriting one another.
Does Puppeteer guarantee that a full-page screenshot includes every lazy-loaded item?
No. A full-page capture requests the document’s full extent, but lazy or dynamically inserted content may need a site-specific, validated readiness strategy.
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