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NASA Artemis II Data Formats Explained: Images, Telemetry, and Scientific Measurements

Artemis II’s public science release combines images, video, audio, annotations, and measurements. NASA confirms JPEG and requestable RAW options for its JSC image collection, but not a complete archive format inventory.
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Artemis II’s public lunar science release is a collection of different records, not one file format. NASA confirms that its Johnson Space Center (JSC) image collection serves converted, lossy JPEGs by default and offers original camera RAW files, including Nikon NEF examples, by request on image pages. The available NASA descriptions do not establish a complete format inventory for the wider archive’s images, audio, measurements, or telemetry.

What NASA released

NASA’s October 7, 2026 announcement says more than 800 gigabytes of Artemis II lunar science data were uploaded to the Planetary Data System. The release includes more than 11,000 full-resolution images and video from handheld and Orion cameras, 8.5 hours of audio recordings of scientific observations, and images with crew annotations. Those are different kinds of records; the announcement does not describe them as a single uniform file type.

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NASA also released three companion documents: the Artemis II Preliminary Lunar Science Report, the Artemis II Lunar Science Operations Report, and the Artemis II Data User Guide. NASA Science lists the Data User Guide on its report page dated October 6, 2026. The guide and the archive’s own labels are the appropriate places to check for exact extensions and metadata definitions.

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Which image formats are confirmed?

NASA’s JSC Artemis II image collection describes two forms of image access. The distinction applies to that collection; it should not be assumed to describe every camera product or every image in the Planetary Data System archive.

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Image access What NASA says What that establishes
Default download Converted, lossy JPEG The JSC collection’s standard served image is a converted JPEG.
Original camera file RAW files, including Nikon NEF examples, are available by request from the image page’s Download Options as processing continues. Some originals can be requested; this is not a claim that every image has a processed RAW download.

NASA does not provide a general file-size, fidelity, or processing comparison for these downloads in the collection description. Nor does the announcement enumerate the formats of all full-resolution images and video in the archive. Check the individual image page’s Download Options for availability rather than assuming that a RAW file accompanies every JPEG.

Annotations are context, not a confirmed image-file format

NASA describes crew annotations that include handwritten notes on images. For example, crew members identified impact flashes and their locations in an eclipse visualization. These notes add human context to the observations, but the announcement does not say that annotations are embedded in a particular image-file standard.

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What scientific observations and measurements are described?

The lunar science record combines what crew members saw and said with image and annotation records. NASA describes observations of geological features including impact craters and ancient lava flows, as well as shapes, textures, and colors. The release’s 8.5 hours of crew audio captures scientific observations; NASA’s description does not specify the audio file extensions or a transcript format.

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NASA’s Artemis II science page also describes two measurement areas:

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  • Crew health: crew members supplied consistent health information for a data bank intended to support future astronaut-health research.
  • Radiation: equipment monitored radiation levels inside and outside Orion to characterize the deep-space environment.

These descriptions identify the kinds of information collected, not the machine-readable schemas. The cited NASA pages do not give field names, data dictionaries, units tables, or export extensions for these measurements. Do not infer those details from the fact that a measurement is scientific data.

Does NASA confirm the telemetry format?

No specific public Artemis II telemetry packet or file encoding is established by the cited material. NASA’s Space Communications and Navigation overview explains that CCSDS is an international standards effort covering areas such as mission-operations data exchange, spacecraft onboard interfaces, space-link services, and telemetry, tracking, and command cross-support. That describes a communications and data-exchange standards framework; it is not proof that a particular CCSDS packet format appears in the public lunar science files.

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NASA’s SLS reference guide provides a separate explanation of why vehicle telemetry is collected: flight data comes from sensors and measurements on vehicle elements. It groups instrumentation into operational flight, engineering flight, and developmental flight categories, supporting vehicle operation, performance analysis, and engineering-model validation or improvement. These categories explain instrumentation purposes, not Artemis II archive file formats.

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Is Artemis II data in FITS?

NASA describes FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) as an astronomy format for transporting, analyzing, and archiving scientific data. FITS can hold multidimensional arrays, tables, and descriptive header information. NASA’s documentation identifies FITS Version 4.0, language-edited August 13, 2018, as the standard described on that page.

That background does not establish FITS as the format for Artemis II images, measurements, or telemetry. None of the Artemis II descriptions cited here confirms FITS use. Check the Data User Guide and the actual archive labels before calling a mission file FITS.

How to identify a particular archive file

  1. Start with the Artemis II Data User Guide. Use it for the dataset’s intended organization and any format or metadata definitions it provides.
  2. Inspect the product’s archive label or record. Use the file’s actual label and associated documentation to identify its format and metadata; do not infer format from a scientific purpose or a familiar standard.
  3. For a JSC collection image, open its image page and check Download Options. The default is a converted JPEG; request an original camera RAW file there if one is offered.
  4. Keep the archive and collection scopes separate. A format described for the JSC image collection does not by itself describe all products in the Planetary Data System release.

The currently documented answer is therefore specific for JSC image downloads but incomplete for the archive as a whole: NASA identifies the default JPEG and requestable RAW option in that collection, while exact formats and schemas for the broader audio, measurement, and telemetry records must be established from the guide and archive product documentation.

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