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Use --cookie for individual cookies, --cookie-jar for a file-backed cookie store, and repeatable --custom-header options for request headers. Add --custom-header-propagation when those headers must accompany images, stylesheets, scripts, or other resource requests. Cookie values should be URL encoded, and the exact flags available depend on the wkhtmltoimage build installed on your system.
The flags you need
wkhtmltoimage accepts cookies and headers as command-line options placed before the source URL and output filename. A minimal authenticated capture looks like this:
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wkhtmltoimage
--cookie 'session_id' 'URL_ENCODED_COOKIE_VALUE'
--custom-header 'Authorization' 'Bearer TOKEN'
--custom-header-propagation
--javascript-delay 1000
'https://example.test/private-page' output.pngThis is a syntax pattern, not a guarantee that the target application will accept the supplied credentials or that a one-second delay is sufficient. Replace the placeholders, choose the output format supported by your build, and validate the resulting image.
--cookie <name> <value>adds one cookie. You can repeat it for multiple cookies, and the documented guidance says the value should be URL encoded.--cookie-jar <path>reads and writes cookies through the specified jar file.--custom-header <name> <value>adds one HTTP header. Repeat it for separate headers.--custom-header-propagationsends configured custom headers with each resource request.--no-custom-header-propagationexplicitly disables that propagation behavior.--javascript-delay <milliseconds>waits after the page finishes loading before the image is rendered.
Check the binary before building a command
Option names are documented by the wkhtmltoimage project and by the Debian man page, but those references do not prove that every packaged binary, wrapper, or language binding behaves identically. Start with the executable that will run in production:
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wkhtmltoimage --version
wkhtmltoimage --extended-help--version identifies the installed build. --extended-help displays the options compiled into that binary. If an option is reported as unknown, compare this output with the command you copied and adjust the command to the installed build rather than assuming all distributions ship the same feature set.
Also verify that the executable can write to the destination directory and that the target URL is reachable from the machine running the command. Authentication supplied on your laptop does not automatically exist in a container, CI runner, or server.
Supply cookies with --cookie
One cookie
Use the cookie name and value as two separate arguments:
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--cookie 'session_id' 'URL_ENCODED_COOKIE_VALUE'
'https://example.test/account' account.pngThe option is repeatable. If a page requires several cookies, add one pair for each:
wkhtmltoimage
--cookie 'session_id' 'URL_ENCODED_SESSION'
--cookie 'locale' 'en-US'
--cookie 'feature_flag' 'new-dashboard'
'https://example.test/account' account.pngCookie values should be URL encoded as instructed by the project usage documentation. Encoding matters when a value contains spaces, punctuation, or characters with special meaning to a shell or URL. Keep the cookie value in quotes so the shell does not split it or expand punctuation. The examples use placeholders deliberately; do not paste a live session token into documentation, source control, or a shared command transcript.
When to use a cookie jar
For a reusable or stateful cookie set, point wkhtmltoimage at a jar file:
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wkhtmltoimage --cookie-jar '/path/to/cookies.txt'
'https://example.test/account' account.pngThe documented behavior is read-and-write: the command reads cookies from the supplied path and writes cookies back to it. That makes a jar useful when several captures share a session or when the first navigation changes the cookie state for a later capture.
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| Method | Best fit | Operational detail |
|---|---|---|
--cookie name value |
A small, explicit set of values for one invocation | Repeat the option for every cookie; URL encode values |
--cookie-jar path |
Shared or persistent session state | Reads and writes the supplied file; format interoperability is not specified by the cited documentation |
Send custom headers
Add each header with a separate, repeatable option:
wkhtmltoimage
--custom-header 'Authorization' 'Bearer TOKEN'
--custom-header 'X-Client-Context' 'preview'
'https://example.test/private-page' output.pngThe name and value are separate arguments. Quote both when they contain spaces or shell-significant characters. Use this mechanism for headers such as an authorization token or client context. Cookies and custom headers are separate controls: a cookie option supplies cookie state, while a custom-header option supplies an HTTP header. The documented options do not establish that manually constructing a Cookie: header is equivalent to using --cookie, so use the dedicated cookie option for cookies.
Decide whether headers should reach page resources
By default, think of a custom header as belonging to the initial page request. If the page’s images, stylesheets, scripts, or other assets also require that header, add:
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wkhtmltoimage
--custom-header 'Authorization' 'Bearer TOKEN'
--custom-header-propagation
'https://example.test/dashboard' dashboard.pngTo turn propagation off explicitly, use:
--no-custom-header-propagationEnable propagation only when the same header is intended for those resource requests. The cited documentation does not specify domain scoping, redirect handling, or special security filtering, so do not infer that behavior for a particular build. If a token must not leave the target origin, test redirects and third-party assets with a non-production credential and review the page’s network behavior.
Combine cookies, headers, and JavaScript timing
Many authenticated pages need both a session cookie and a bearer token, followed by JavaScript rendering:
wkhtmltoimage
--cookie 'session_id' 'URL_ENCODED_COOKIE_VALUE'
--custom-header 'Authorization' 'Bearer TOKEN'
--custom-header-propagation
--javascript-delay 1000
'https://example.test/private-page' output.pngUse a cookie flag for cookie state and a custom-header flag for the authorization header. Do not collapse the two into a single improvised header. Keep credentials out of shell history and CI logs where practical by using the secret-management facilities of your execution environment; the command-line syntax itself does not provide secret storage.
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Handle JavaScript-rendered content
wkhtmltoimage can run JavaScript, but a successful page load does not mean that a single-page application has finished drawing. --javascript-delay <msec> waits after loading before capture:
wkhtmltoimage
--enable-javascript
--javascript-delay 1500
'https://example.test/app' app.pngThe project usage text lists a 200 ms default in the shared page options. That value is not a universal rendering guarantee; the appropriate delay depends on the target page, network latency, API calls, and client-side rendering work. Increase it only after checking the output, because a longer delay also increases capture time. Neither the project usage text nor the cited man page supplies a delay that is reliable for every application.
If the page still appears incomplete, first confirm that the request was authenticated, then inspect whether the application waits for an API response or a user action that wkhtmltoimage cannot reproduce. A delay cannot fix a rejected request or an interaction that never occurs.
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Use a repeatable command safely
- Run
wkhtmltoimage --versionand--extended-helpon the same machine or container that will perform the capture. - Start with the destination URL and output file only. Confirm that a public or unauthenticated page renders.
- Add one
--cookiepair, using a URL-encoded value, and verify that the page changes as expected. - Add each required
--custom-headerseparately. Keep header names and values quoted. - Add
--custom-header-propagationif protected resources need the same header. - Enable JavaScript and set a page-appropriate delay only when the page requires client-side rendering.
- Move repeated session state to
--cookie-jarafter the one-off command works, then secure and test the jar file. - Compare the output image with a known-good browser view and retain the exact command, binary version, and target environment for troubleshooting.
Language bindings and library settings
The command-line flags are the clearest documented interface, but bindings do not necessarily expose an identical API. The official library settings reference lists a cookie-jar setting as load.cookieJar. It lists the propagation setting as load.repertCustomHeaders (that spelling appears on the reference page), while load.customHeaders and load.cookies are marked incomplete there.
Consequently, do not translate the CLI options into a presumed library property name. Check the documentation for the binding you are using and confirm the generated command or request. If a binding lacks cookie or custom-header support, invoke the verified CLI from a controlled process or use the binding’s documented extension mechanism rather than guessing property names.
Troubleshooting
| Symptom | Likely cause | Fix |
|---|---|---|
Unknown long argument |
The installed package does not include the flag, or the option name differs | Run --version and --extended-help on that binary; use only the options it advertises. |
| The page is public instead of signed in | The cookie name/value is wrong, not URL encoded, expired, or not being read from the expected jar | Test one explicit --cookie pair first, verify the exact name and value, then test the jar with the same build. |
| HTML appears but images or scripts are missing | Protected resources did not receive the authorization header | Add --custom-header-propagation and recapture. If the header should apply only to the initial request, leave propagation disabled and investigate the resource requirements instead. |
| Authorization header works for the page but not assets | Propagation was omitted | Use a repeatable --custom-header for the header and add the propagation flag when resource requests need it. |
| Cookie option is ignored | Arguments were split by the shell, the value was not encoded, or the cookie belongs to a different host/path context | Quote both arguments, URL encode the value, confirm the target URL, and test with a minimal page and a fresh session. |
| Single-page app is captured before content appears | JavaScript has not finished rendering | Use --enable-javascript and increase --javascript-delay incrementally. A delay cannot repair failed API authentication or missing user interaction. |
| A saved jar works on one machine but not another | The file format or build behavior is not portable | Because the cited documentation does not define a portable format, recreate or validate the jar with the destination build instead of assuming browser-export compatibility. |
| Redirected requests behave unexpectedly | The cited option descriptions do not define redirect or domain-scoping behavior | Test the redirect chain with a safe credential, inspect the final capture, and consult the installed build’s documentation before relying on propagation across redirects. |
Performance, reliability, and credential hygiene
- Every additional resource request and JavaScript delay can lengthen a capture. Use the smallest delay that consistently produces the required output.
- Propagation may attach a sensitive header to many resource requests. Enable it only when those requests are intended to receive the header, and test with a limited-scope credential.
- A cookie jar makes repeated captures easier but creates a persistent authentication artifact. Store it with restricted permissions and remove it when the session is no longer needed.
- Record the executable version, command-line options, URL, and output format for reproducibility. A wrapper or distribution update can change which flags are available.
- Validate the image itself. A zero exit status or a generated file does not prove that authenticated data, lazy assets, or client-rendered content appeared in the image.
Or skip the browser setup
If you do not want to maintain a wkhtmltoimage binary, cookie jar, header propagation rules, and JavaScript timing, ScreenshotNeo provides a website screenshot API and MCP server. One request returns a PNG, JPEG, WebP, or PDF. Its capture flow accepts cookie and consent banners like a visitor and removes more than 60 known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets before the shot; each cleanup step can be turned off.
Only clean shots are billed. Bot checks or CAPTCHAs, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits are not billed, and each response reports the result through X-Page-Verdict and X-Billed headers. An MCP server exposes take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf to Claude, Cursor, and other MCP clients.
See the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for request options. A one-call example is:
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://example.test/private-page -o shot.webpYou can use the same endpoint from Python:
import requests
r = requests.get("https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot", params={"access_key": "YOUR_API_KEY", "url": "https://example.test/private-page"}, timeout=90)
open("shot.webp", "wb").write(r.content)Or Node.js:
const q = new URLSearchParams({ access_key: 'YOUR_API_KEY', url: 'https://example.test/private-page' });
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FAQ
Can I pass a browser-exported cookie file directly?
Not reliably based on the cited option descriptions. They document that wkhtmltoimage reads and writes the supplied jar, but do not define a portable file format. Validate the file with the exact build you will run.
Does --custom-header-propagation guarantee the header is sent to every domain?
No such domain or redirect guarantee is stated in the reviewed documentation. The option is described as applying to each resource request; test the redirect and resource behavior of your installed build before relying on it across origins.
What should I do if my language wrapper has no cookie option?
Check that wrapper’s own API reference. The official library settings page marks cookie settings as incomplete, so invoking a verified wkhtmltoimage CLI may be more predictable than guessing an unimplemented property.
Is a longer JavaScript delay always safer?
No. It can increase runtime without fixing rejected API calls, missing credentials, or interactions that never occur. Increase it only while comparing the rendered output with the target page.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I pass a browser-exported cookie file directly?
Not reliably based on the cited option descriptions. They document that wkhtmltoimage reads and writes the supplied jar, but do not define a portable file format. Validate the file with the exact build you will run.
Does –custom-header-propagation guarantee the header is sent to every domain?
No such domain or redirect guarantee is stated in the reviewed documentation. The option is described as applying to each resource request; test the redirect and resource behavior of your installed build before relying on it across origins.
What should I do if my language wrapper has no cookie option?
Check that wrapper’s own API reference. The official library settings page marks cookie settings as incomplete, so invoking a verified wkhtmltoimage CLI may be more predictable than guessing an unimplemented property.
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