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How to Troubleshoot a Failed Starknet Transaction

A practical Starknet transaction troubleshooting flow: query the receipt, separate finality from execution, branch between pre-inclusion rejection and REVERTED execution, and retry safely.

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Start with the transaction hash and a receipt lookup, then identify where the transaction stopped. A submission that was rejected or never observed needs a propagation, nonce, balance, or mempool investigation. A transaction that appears in a block with execution_status: REVERTED reached execution and needs a contract-logic and state-effects investigation. Keep that execution result separate from finality_status; a transaction can execute successfully on L2 while still waiting for L1 acceptance.

What a “failed” Starknet transaction can mean

“Failed” is not one protocol state. A wallet may display the same word when a node rejects a submission, when a sequencer has not yet accepted it, when account validation fails, or when an included transaction reverts while calling contracts. Those cases leave different evidence and require different recovery steps.

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Use five lifecycle checkpoints to classify the problem:

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Checkpoint What you are checking Typical evidence
Submission and propagation Did the provider accept and relay the request? Wallet error, RPC response, or no receipt from the submitting provider
Mempool and validation Will the sequencer keep the transaction and does the account approve it? Nonce, fee/balance, transaction-validity, or account-validation errors
Execution Did the requested calls complete? execution_status of SUCCEEDED or REVERTED
L2 acceptance Was the transaction included and accepted on Starknet? Block information and the receipt’s finality status
L1 acceptance Has the L2 result reached the settlement layer? A later finality state, not an execution result

The official Starknet transaction reference defines the lifecycle, receipt fields, transaction types, and version-specific status and mempool behavior. The protocol’s operating-system architecture is described in the SNOS documentation.

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Step 1: Collect the facts before retrying

Write down the exact transaction hash, network (for example, mainnet or a test network), wallet or dApp, RPC provider, timestamp, and the complete error text. Do not paraphrase an error that may contain a nonce, fee, calldata, or validation clue. If the wallet shows a “pending” or “failed” banner, preserve a screenshot or copy of the underlying details as well.

The provider matters because status visibility is not universal. A hash can be unknown to one node while another node has received or included it. Always begin with the same provider that accepted the submission, then compare with a second trusted provider only as a propagation check.

Step 2: Query the transaction receipt

Use the JSON-RPC method starknet_getTransactionReceipt with the hash. A raw request has this shape:

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{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"starknet_getTransactionReceipt","params":["TRANSACTION_HASH"],"id":1}

Replace TRANSACTION_HASH with the exact hexadecimal hash and send the request to the RPC endpoint used by the wallet or application. A receipt is protocol-level evidence, not merely a wallet display. When available, record these fields in a case note:

  • finality_status
  • execution_status, when the transaction has executed
  • actual_fee
  • block hash and block number
  • events and L1 messages
  • execution-resource information

If the method returns a not-found or unknown-transaction response, do not conclude that the transaction reverted. It may have been rejected before inclusion, may not have propagated to that node, or may not yet be visible. Keep the wallet/provider error and submission time, and move to the pre-inclusion branch below.

Step 3: Read finality and execution as separate status dimensions

finality_status describes progress through Starknet’s acceptance and settlement lifecycle. execution_status describes the result of execution for a transaction that reached that stage. A transaction can have a successful execution while its finality is still an intermediate state, and waiting for L1 acceptance does not turn a successful execution into a failure.

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Use this decision rule:

  • Receipt absent: investigate submission, propagation, mempool, nonce, balance, and validation.
  • Receipt present with execution_status: REVERTED: investigate the failing validation or contract call and account for the state effects of a revert.
  • Receipt present with successful execution but an intermediate finality_status: treat it as an inclusion/finality wait, not an execution failure.

Status names and lifecycle behavior are release-sensitive. The cited reference discusses the vocabulary in the context of Starknet v0.14.0, so verify the documentation for the network and node version you are using before applying a status or timeout rule.

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Branch A: the transaction was rejected or is not visible

Check the submitting provider first

Query the original RPC provider and confirm that you are using the correct network. A mainnet hash queried against a testnet endpoint, or the reverse, looks exactly like a missing transaction. If the original provider returns an error immediately, save its code and message; a local wallet message alone may omit the node’s reason.

Then query another provider for the same network. If the second provider sees the transaction, the issue is visibility or propagation at the first provider. If neither sees it and the original submission returned an error, treat it as unaccepted until the provider confirms otherwise. Do not submit repeated replacements merely because one explorer has not indexed the hash.

Verify nonce and account state

Compare the transaction’s nonce with the account’s current nonce on the same network. A stale nonce can be rejected; a future nonce may be held back or refused according to the network’s mempool policy. If another transaction has already consumed the nonce, retrying the old transaction cannot repair that earlier state.

Check the account’s spendable balance for both the call and the maximum fee or fee limit. A balance that covers the transfer but not the fee can fail before execution. Token balances, fee-token availability, and account-specific fee rules should be checked at the current block state, not from a cached wallet screen.

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Review validity and mempool constraints

From v0.14.0, sequencers maintain mempools; the precise rules for future nonces, replacement transactions, and expiry are configuration- and release-sensitive. The transaction reference currently describes a transaction time-to-live configured to five minutes in that context. Treat that as a documented setting for the cited version, not as a universal promise for every network or provider.

Check the network’s current documentation for:

  • which future nonces may be admitted;
  • when a replacement is allowed and what fee-bump rule it uses;
  • how long an unconfirmed transaction is retained;
  • whether the provider exposes mempool status or only accepted receipts.

If a transaction expires from a mempool, obtain the current nonce and fee conditions before constructing a new one. Do not blindly reuse an old nonce, calldata, or fee limit.

Separate account validation from requested execution for INVOKE

An INVOKE transaction has an account-contract validation phase and a requested execution phase. The account contract’s __validate__ logic decides whether the account approves the transaction; __execute__ initiates the requested calls. Signature checks, nonce checks, fee checks, and custom account rules can therefore reject a transaction before the target contract is called.

This distinction prevents a common misdiagnosis: a dApp call can be correct while the account contract rejects the signature or nonce, and a valid account approval can still be followed by a revert in one of the called contracts. Account contracts define their own validation logic, so a generic wallet remedy is not guaranteed.

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Branch B: the receipt says execution_status: REVERTED

Inspect the complete receipt

Record the block hash and number to prove inclusion, then inspect actual_fee, events, L1 messages, and execution resources. Read any revert reason or execution error supplied by the provider, but do not assume there is a universal message-to-fix dictionary: the protocol reference does not define one. A message such as an authorization, balance, deadline, or invariant failure is an application clue that must be interpreted in the context of the called contracts and calldata.

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Execution resources can reveal that the transaction reached a resource limit or consumed resources before a later call failed. They are evidence for the provider or dApp team, especially when the visible error text is short.

Understand what a revert changed

A reverted transaction is still included in a block. The account nonce increases, and a fee is charged for resources consumed up to the failure. State changes made during the execution stage are rolled back, so a transfer or storage write that occurred only in that stage should not persist.

Validation-stage changes are not covered by the execution rollback. Events and L1 messages emitted during execution are reverted with that stage, while events may also have been produced during validation or fee charging. For that reason, do not infer “nothing happened” from a revert, and do not promise a fee refund.

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Before retrying, read the account’s current nonce and balances again. Because the reverted transaction consumed its nonce, resubmitting the same payload with the old nonce will normally create another rejection rather than replaying the original attempt.

Use the failing condition to choose a correction

  • Authorization or signature condition: confirm the connected account, chain identifier, signer, and permissions expected by the contract.
  • Insufficient balance or allowance: check the relevant token balance and allowance at the latest state, including the fee token.
  • Deadline, price, or slippage condition: refresh the quote or deadline and verify that the calldata still matches the current application state.
  • Contract invariant or business-rule failure: inspect the dApp’s documented preconditions and simulate or preview the call if the application provides that feature.
  • Resource or fee-limit failure: obtain a current estimate from the wallet or provider and confirm that the account can pay the resulting fee.

These are diagnostic branches, not guarantees. The exact remedy depends on the account contract, target contracts, calldata, and current state.

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Transaction-type differences that affect diagnosis

Type Where to focus Common evidence to preserve
INVOKE Account __validate__, account __execute__, then each called contract Nonce, signature/validation error, calldata, events, messages, and execution resources
DECLARE Class declaration validity, class hash, account validation, and fee payment Class hash, compiler/declaration details, validation error, receipt status, and fee
DEPLOY_ACCOUNT Account-class validity, constructor inputs, address derivation, validation, and fee Predicted address, class hash, constructor calldata, nonce, and receipt fields

The same “failed transaction” label therefore has different likely causes by type. Do not apply an INVOKE-specific account-call explanation to a declaration or account deployment without checking that transaction’s lifecycle.

When the transaction looks stuck

Stuck with no receipt

Confirm the network and original provider, then check whether the provider returned an acceptance response or only accepted the wallet request. Compare the account nonce and balance with the submitted values. If the network uses a mempool, determine whether the transaction is still within the documented retention period and whether a replacement is permitted. A second submission can create a nonce conflict if the first transaction is actually pending.

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Included but waiting for finality

If the receipt contains a block and a successful execution result, monitor finality_status rather than resubmitting. L2 inclusion and L1 acceptance are different milestones. A delay at the latter does not undo calls that already executed on L2.

Explorer and wallet disagree

Prefer the receipt returned by the RPC provider for the network you actually used, then compare block and status fields across providers. Indexers can lag, cache old data, or omit execution-resource details. Keep the provider URL, query time, and raw response when opening a support case.

Safe retry procedure

  1. Classify the first attempt as unobserved/rejected, included and reverted, or included and successfully executed but not final on L1.
  2. Read the current account nonce and fee-token balance; never assume the failed attempt left them unchanged.
  3. For a revert, identify and correct the failing precondition before changing the nonce or calldata.
  4. For a rejected submission, correct the provider, network, nonce, balance, validity, or mempool issue identified by the error.
  5. Rebuild the transaction with current calldata and fee settings rather than copying a stale serialized request.
  6. Submit once, save the new hash, and monitor its receipt from the submitting provider.

If the first transaction may still be pending, ask the provider about its state before attempting a replacement. A replacement policy can be version-specific, and an incorrectly chosen nonce can strand both attempts.

What to send to support

Give the wallet, dApp, or RPC provider a compact evidence bundle:

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  • network and chain environment;
  • transaction hash, if one exists;
  • submission timestamp and submitting provider;
  • the exact wallet/RPC error;
  • raw receipt fields, including both status fields, block data, actual fee, events, messages, and execution resources;
  • transaction type and, for an INVOKE, the account-contract context;
  • what you tried and whether another transaction has since used the nonce.

Never send a seed phrase, private key, or wallet backup. Support can inspect a transaction and its receipt without those secrets. If a message requests them, use a different official support channel.

A concise decision checklist

  • Do I have the exact hash, network, provider, timestamp, and original error?
  • Does starknet_getTransactionReceipt return a receipt from the submitting provider?
  • What are finality_status and execution_status, separately?
  • If execution reverted, what do the receipt’s fee, events, messages, block, and resource fields show?
  • Have I checked the current nonce and fee balance after the attempt?
  • For an INVOKE, could account validation have failed before target-contract execution?
  • Are mempool, replacement, and expiry rules applicable to this network’s current version?
  • Have I avoided retrying until I know whether the original transaction is still pending?

This sequence keeps a propagation problem from being mistaken for a contract bug, and keeps a reverted execution from being mistaken for a transaction that never existed.

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