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1Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems2Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches3Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsYou can self-host Tiki Wiki on an Ubuntu VPS with a conventional LAMP stack: Apache, MariaDB or MySQL, PHP, and Tiki’s required PHP extensions. The practical sequence is to choose a Tiki release and matching PHP version, harden and update the VPS, install the stack, create an empty database, run Tiki’s browser installer, configure Apache rewrite rules and a virtual host, then add HTTPS and verify backups and mail before users arrive.
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Tiki’s official requirements describe it as designed for shared hosting with the LAMP stack. Apache is the most widely tested web server, although Tiki can also run on other PHP-capable servers. The small published minimums—512 MB RAM and 100 MB free storage—are starting points, not sensible production sizing for a wiki with attachments, search indexing, backups, or several concurrent users.
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A public Tiki installation has four main layers:
- Ubuntu Server: the patched operating system and firewall boundary.
- Apache: the HTTP server that serves Tiki and handles PHP, virtual hosts, rewrite rules, and TLS integration.
- PHP: the runtime plus the extensions required by the selected Tiki branch.
- MariaDB or MySQL-family database: the relational store for pages, users, permissions, preferences, and other Tiki data.
Tiki’s requirements also mention Percona Server for MySQL as a supported database family. Select one database engine and version that appears in the requirements for your exact Tiki release; do not assume that a package supplied by one Ubuntu release is valid for every Tiki branch.
The browser installer is not an optional finishing screen. It creates db/local.php, stores the connection details you provide, and creates Tiki’s tables and initial data. Have a database name, database user, password, and server address ready before opening the installer.
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Requirements and sizing
Check the requirements for the exact Tiki release before installing packages. PHP support changes between branches, and Ubuntu LTS releases ship different PHP versions. The official Ubuntu instructions note that Ubuntu 24.04 includes PHP 8.3 or newer and provide older-release examples for Tiki 27 LTS and other branches.
| Component | What Tiki requires | Deployment guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Operating system | Ubuntu Server VPS with administrative access | Use an actively supported Ubuntu LTS release and keep it patched. |
| Web server | Any PHP-capable server can work; Apache is the most widely tested and used | Apache is the lowest-friction path for the documented Ubuntu procedure. |
| PHP | A version supported by the selected Tiki release | Confirm the release-specific matrix before installing or changing PHP packages. |
| PHP extensions | Release-dependent modules, including database, XML, graphics, internationalization, string, archive, HTTP, and math support | Install the complete list for your branch rather than relying on a partial package set. |
| Database | MariaDB, MySQL, or Percona Server for MySQL | Use a version listed as compatible with the chosen Tiki branch. |
| Memory | 512 MB minimum in Tiki’s requirements | Treat this as a bare minimum. Attachments, indexing, PHP workers, and backups need headroom. |
| Storage | 100 MB free minimum in Tiki’s requirements | Provision substantially more for uploaded files, database growth, logs, snapshots, and local backup space. |
| Build tooling | Tiki 27 and later command-line workflows need recent Node.js and npm tooling | The Ubuntu guide gives Node.js 18 or newer and npm 10 or newer as an example baseline. |
For a personal test wiki, the published minimums may start the installer, but a production VPS should have enough RAM to avoid swapping while Apache, MariaDB, PHP, and any search or build process run together. Storage planning should include at least one backup copy outside the live database and a growth allowance for attachments.
Choose the installation route
Release archive: the straightforward stable path
Download the archive for the Tiki release you selected, unpack it under the Apache document root, and follow that release’s ownership and permission instructions. This route avoids compiling the application and is generally easier to reproduce for a stable site.
Git or source checkout: useful for development and command-line workflows
A source checkout can be appropriate when you need to track a branch, contribute changes, or use the project’s documented setup scripts. It may require Composer and, for Tiki 27 or later command-line builds, Node.js 18+ and npm 10+. Source installation is therefore more sensitive to the exact PHP, Composer, Node.js, and npm versions than an ordinary release archive.
Do not mix files from different Tiki branches. Pick one release, read its requirements, and keep the application files, PHP version, database version, and build tools aligned with that release.
Prepare the Ubuntu VPS
Provision access and DNS
Create an Ubuntu Server VPS with SSH access. If people will reach the wiki by name, create a DNS record such as wiki.example.com pointing to the VPS address before requesting a publicly trusted TLS certificate. Keep the initial administrator account separate from your VPS login.
Patch the operating system
- Connect over SSH using an administrative account.
- Refresh package indexes:
sudo apt-get update. - Install available updates:
sudo apt-get upgrade. - Reboot if the package manager reports that a kernel or other core service requires it, then reconnect and confirm the host is reachable.
Use a firewall policy that permits SSH from your administration network and permits HTTP and HTTPS to the public interface. Restrict database access to the local host unless a separate application server genuinely needs it.
Install Apache, MariaDB, PHP, and Tiki dependencies
The precise package names vary with the Ubuntu release and the PHP branch selected for Tiki. The following illustrates the categories used by the official Ubuntu procedure; verify each package against the release-specific instructions before running it.
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sudo apt-get install apache2 mariadb-server
sudo apt-get install php php-cli libapache2-mod-php
sudo apt-get install php-mysql php-gd php-xml php-bcmath php-curl php-intl php-mbstring php-zip
sudo apt-get install unzip git composerThe documented dependency set includes PHP CLI or FPM, Composer, GD, XML, bcmath, curl, intl, mbstring, MySQL support, zip, and related modules. If you choose PHP-FPM instead of Apache’s PHP module, install the FPM package for the supported PHP version and configure Apache to pass PHP requests to that FPM service. Do not install an arbitrary newer PHP release simply because Ubuntu offers it; Tiki’s compatibility matrix is the authority for the branch you selected.
Check what is actually active:
php -v
php -m
apache2ctl -M | sortLook for the required modules in the PHP module list and confirm Apache starts without syntax errors. If a module is missing, install the matching package for the active PHP version and restart Apache before proceeding.
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Install Node.js and npm when the release needs them
Tiki 27 and later command-line installation or build workflows require recent JavaScript tooling. The Ubuntu documentation uses Node.js 18+ and npm 10+ as an example baseline. Install those versions through a method that supports your Ubuntu release, then verify them:
node --version
npm --versionIf either command reports an older version, stop before running Tiki’s setup script. A mismatched Node.js or npm toolchain can fail during asset generation even when PHP and the database are configured correctly. Follow the setup script and dependency commands documented for the exact Tiki branch; do not copy commands from a different branch.
Secure and initialize MariaDB
Keep MariaDB bound to the local interface for a single-server deployment. Run the distribution’s hardening workflow if it is available, remove anonymous accounts and test databases, and use a long, unique password for the Tiki database user.
Create an empty database and a dedicated account. The exact SQL syntax below is a pattern; use a strong password and choose a character set and collation accepted by your Tiki release.
sudo mariadb
CREATE DATABASE tiki CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
CREATE USER 'tiki_app'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'use-a-long-unique-password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON tiki.* TO 'tiki_app'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;Use a database name and user that are not shared with another application. Record the database host, name, username, and password in your password manager; you will enter them in the web installer. Do not put the password in shell history or commit it to a repository.
Place Tiki in the Apache document root
Create a directory for the site, unpack the selected release archive or clone the documented source branch, and ensure the final path contains Tiki’s entry files. A common layout is /var/www/tiki, but the path itself is your choice.
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sudo mkdir -p /var/www/tiki
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/tikiApply ownership and writable-directory permissions exactly as required by your Tiki release. The web process must be able to create db/local.php during installation and write only to directories Tiki documents as writable. Avoid making the entire filesystem or every application file world-writable. After installation, reduce write permissions where the release instructions permit it.
If you used Git or source files, run Composer and the Tiki setup commands specified for that branch before launching the installer. A source checkout that has not completed its dependency or asset build can produce missing-class, missing-file, or broken-JavaScript errors that are unrelated to the database.
Configure Apache, rewrite rules, and the virtual host
Enable the modules Tiki needs
Enable Apache rewrite support, then restart the service:
sudo a2enmod rewrite
sudo systemctl restart apache2Rewrite support allows Tiki to serve clean, human-readable page paths instead of exposing implementation details in every URL. It also depends on Apache being allowed to read the rewrite rules shipped with or required by the selected release.
Create a site-specific virtual host
Create a file such as /etc/apache2/sites-available/tiki.conf and point it at the Tiki document root. Replace the example hostname with the DNS name you control.
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName wiki.example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/tiki
<Directory /var/www/tiki>
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
DirectoryIndex index.php
</Directory>
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/tiki-error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/tiki-access.log combined
</VirtualHost>Enable the site and validate Apache’s configuration:
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sudo apache2ctl configtest
sudo systemctl reload apache2AllowOverride All is commonly needed when Tiki’s rewrite rules are supplied through an .htaccess file. If your release documents a different Apache configuration, follow that instruction instead. A failed configtest must be fixed before reloading; inspect the error log when Apache returns a 500 response.
Run Tiki’s browser installer
- Open the virtual-host hostname in a browser. If DNS has not propagated, test with a temporary hosts-file entry or the VPS address only for initial diagnostics.
- Follow the installer’s environment checks. Resolve missing PHP extensions, unsuitable permissions, or unsupported PHP versions before continuing.
- Enter the MariaDB or MySQL host, database name, database user, and password created earlier.
- Choose the requested site and administrator settings, including the canonical site address and any language or timezone options presented by your release.
- Allow the installer to write
db/local.phpand create Tiki’s database schema and initial records. - Sign in with the administrator account and immediately review the security and permission settings.
If the installer cannot write db/local.php, correct ownership of the specific Tiki directories required by the release rather than granting unrestricted write access. If it reports a database connection failure, test the credentials from the VPS and confirm the account is allowed from the host name you entered. If it stops on a missing extension, compare php -m with the release requirements and restart Apache after installing the module.
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Add HTTPS for a public wiki
Do not expose an administrative wiki over plain HTTP. First ensure the DNS name resolves to the VPS and that port 80 is reachable for the certificate workflow you choose. Then enable Apache SSL support:
sudo a2enmod ssl
sudo a2ensite default-ssl
sudo apache2ctl configtest
sudo systemctl reload apache2The Ubuntu procedure documents enabling SSL and the default SSL site; it does not require a particular commercial certificate vendor. For a real deployment, obtain a certificate through an ACME client or another certificate authority workflow you trust, install the certificate and private key in the locations specified by that workflow, and configure the HTTPS virtual host for the Tiki document root. Redirect HTTP to HTTPS only after HTTPS works and renewal is automated.
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Verify that the certificate covers the exact host name, that the chain is complete, and that renewal can reload Apache without manual intervention. Update Tiki’s canonical URL or URL-scheme setting in its administration interface if the installer initially ran over HTTP. Test login, page links, image links, uploads, and any outbound callbacks after the change.
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Clean URLs require more than enabling one module. Confirm all of the following:
- Apache’s rewrite module is enabled.
- The Tiki directory permits the rewrite rules used by your release.
- The virtual host’s
DocumentRootis the directory containing Tiki’s entry files. - The site’s canonical host and HTTPS scheme match the address users actually enter.
- Apache has been reloaded after configuration changes.
Open a page whose path is more complex than the home page, sign in, create a test page, and follow links from both HTTP and HTTPS entry points. A 404 on every non-home page usually indicates rewrite or document-root configuration. A redirect loop commonly means Apache and Tiki disagree about the canonical scheme or host. A 403 often points to directory permissions or an overly restrictive Apache rule.
Post-installation checks before inviting users
Installation success only proves that the installer completed. Perform an operational check while you can still change the configuration safely.
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- Page lifecycle: create, edit, rename, move, and delete a test page; verify revisions and permissions.
- Uploads: upload a small permitted file, download it, and confirm that the filesystem and database references remain intact.
- Mail: trigger a password-reset or notification message and confirm delivery, sender identity, and failure logging.
- Scheduled work: test any scheduled tasks or indexing jobs your configuration enables and document how they are invoked.
- Logs: review Apache’s access and error logs and Tiki’s diagnostic information for PHP warnings or permission errors.
- Backups: back up both the database and the Tiki files, including uploaded data and
db/local.php. A database-only backup cannot restore attachments, and a files-only backup cannot restore page data. - Restore: perform a test restore to a separate location or staging VPS. Record the order of operations and the credentials or DNS changes needed to recover.
These checks are operational safeguards rather than claims about a particular Tiki release’s behavior. Keep a written runbook containing the Ubuntu version, Tiki release, PHP version, database version, document-root path, virtual-host file, certificate renewal method, backup locations, and restore procedure.
Maintenance and upgrades
Patch Ubuntu, Apache, PHP, and MariaDB on a schedule, but read Tiki’s compatibility information before changing a major PHP or database version. Test upgrades on a copy of the site when possible. Take a verified database and file backup before changing Tiki application files or running schema updates.
For a release-archive installation, stage the new Tiki release in a separate directory, copy or migrate only the data and configuration the upgrade instructions require, and preserve the old directory until the new version passes login, page, upload, mail, and restore checks. For a source installation, pin the intended branch and record Composer, Node.js, and npm versions so another administrator can reproduce the build.
Monitor disk usage as attachments and logs grow. The 100 MB published minimum does not account for retained backups, temporary files, or a search index. Monitor memory and swap as well; the 512 MB minimum can be exhausted by normal PHP workers and database activity on an active site.
Common failure modes and fixes
The installer says PHP is unsupported
Stop and identify the Tiki branch and Ubuntu release, then compare the active php -v output with that branch’s requirements. Install the supported PHP packages and extensions or select a Tiki release compatible with the PHP version already on the VPS. Do not bypass the check by editing installer code.
Apache shows a blank page or HTTP 500
Run sudo apache2ctl configtest, inspect the site’s error log, and check that the active PHP handler has the required extensions. Source installations should also be checked for incomplete Composer or Node.js/npm build steps. Correct the underlying error and reload Apache.
Every internal link returns 404
Confirm a2enmod rewrite was run, AllowOverride All applies to the Tiki directory, and the virtual host points to the correct document root. Test the HTTP and HTTPS virtual hosts separately and reload Apache after editing them.
The installer cannot create db/local.php
Check ownership and permissions for the Tiki directory and the specific writable paths documented by your release. The Apache worker account needs temporary write access during setup. Remove unnecessary write access after installation.
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Database authentication fails
Verify the database name, user, password, host, and authentication method. A user created for localhost is not automatically the same as one created for another host name or IP address. Test locally on the VPS and grant only the privileges on Tiki’s own database.
HTTPS redirects endlessly
Check that the TLS virtual host and the HTTP redirect agree on the canonical host and scheme, and that Tiki’s own URL setting is not forcing the opposite scheme. Clear browser cache only after correcting the server-side configuration.
Apache versus nginx, and MariaDB versus MySQL
| Choice | Advantages | Trade-off |
|---|---|---|
| Apache | Most widely tested in Tiki’s documentation; straightforward module, virtual-host, SSL, and rewrite workflow | Requires careful module and directory configuration; resource usage depends on the PHP handler and workload. |
| nginx | Supported as a PHP-capable web server and can be efficient with PHP-FPM | Rewrite and PHP-FPM configuration differs from the Apache procedure and may need additional adaptation. |
| MariaDB | Supported MySQL-family database with common Ubuntu packages | Version compatibility still must be checked against the selected Tiki branch. |
| MySQL or Percona Server | Also supported database families | Package availability, authentication defaults, and supported versions differ by Ubuntu release and Tiki branch. |
Choose Apache and MariaDB when you want the closest match to the documented Ubuntu path. Choose another combination only when you have a specific operational reason and are prepared to translate the web-server, PHP-handler, and database-version instructions.
Final deployment checklist
- Ubuntu is patched and SSH access is protected.
- DNS points the intended host name to the VPS.
- The PHP version and every required extension match the Tiki release.
- Apache, MariaDB or MySQL, and PHP start automatically and pass configuration checks.
- Tiki files are in the intended document root with release-appropriate ownership and permissions.
- An empty database and dedicated database user exist with a unique password.
- The browser installer created
db/local.phpand the schema. - Rewrite rules produce working clean URLs.
- HTTPS works, redirects are intentional, and certificate renewal is automated.
- Login, permissions, uploads, mail, scheduled tasks, logs, backups, and a restore have all been tested.
The Bottom Line
The dependable self-hosting path is a version-matched Ubuntu LTS, Apache, supported PHP extensions, MariaDB or another supported MySQL-family database, and a release-specific Tiki installation. Treat Tiki’s published 512 MB RAM and 100 MB storage figures as minimums only; production reliability comes from compatibility checks, least-privilege permissions, HTTPS, monitoring, and a restore you have actually rehearsed.
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