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You can use the Linux quick-start script, which automates Docker installation, secret generation and URL prompts, or clone the repository manually and control the release tag and configuration yourself. The guide below separates documented Supabase steps from production practices that are sensible for any internet-facing VPS.
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What you are deploying
Self-hosting runs Supabase’s service bundle as a Docker Compose project on a server you control. The bundle includes the database, API, authentication, Studio and supporting services defined in the repository’s docker/ directory. Docker supplies the process isolation and networking; Compose starts the containers as one application rather than as unrelated commands.
Your VPS becomes responsible for the operating system, Docker daemon, storage, firewall, DNS, TLS termination, backups, upgrades and incident recovery. Supabase supplies the container images and configuration model, but it does not operate the machine for you. That ownership is the main difference from a managed Supabase project.
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VPS requirements and capacity planning
The official self-hosting guide lists 4 GB of RAM and two CPU cores as the minimum. It recommends 8 GB of RAM and four cores for production-scale work. These are the published Supabase figures; they are not a promise that every workload will perform identically. Concurrent API traffic, database size, extensions, background jobs and observability services can all increase demand.
| Use case | CPU | Memory | How to interpret it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum supported starting point | 2 cores | 4 GB RAM | Use for evaluation, development or a small, carefully monitored workload. |
| Production-scale recommendation | 4 cores | 8 GB RAM | More headroom for normal production traffic and operational tasks. |
| Disk and transfer | Not stated in the official figures captured here | Not applicable | Size storage for the database, WAL, backups, Docker layers and logs; measure your own workload rather than relying on unverified third-party numbers. |
Leave capacity for the host operating system and Docker itself. If you enable Logs & Analytics, the stack adds Logflare and Vector, so memory pressure can rise. Start with the recommended size when the service is customer-facing, and watch CPU, memory, disk utilisation and database growth before deciding whether to scale vertically.
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Prepare the VPS before installing
Use a supported operating system and administrative account
The Linux route uses Docker Engine plus Docker Compose. Install Git as well. Use a dedicated administrative account with controlled sudo access rather than sharing a root password, and apply the VPS provider’s operating-system updates before installing the stack.
Reserve a stable hostname
Decide which hostname will represent the public API and dashboard before you fill in .env. Create the required DNS records at your DNS provider and wait for them to resolve to the VPS. The public URLs entered in the environment file must match the hostnames users and clients will actually call; changing them later can invalidate browser origins, authentication redirects or webhook configuration.
Plan network exposure
Allow SSH only from the networks that need administration. Permit web traffic through the service’s chosen HTTP and HTTPS entry points, and keep the database and internal container ports private unless a documented integration specifically requires otherwise. A reverse proxy with TLS is a common production practice, but the guide summary available here does not establish a particular proxy, certificate tool or port layout as an official Supabase requirement. Treat those choices as infrastructure work you must design and test separately.
Decide how you will back up and recover
A VPS snapshot is not a complete database-backup strategy. Define where database dumps, object data and configuration secrets will be stored, how often they run, how long they are retained and how you will restore them to a new host. Keep backup credentials outside the VPS. Perform a restore exercise before calling the deployment production-ready.
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Choose an installation route
| Route | What it automates | Best fit | Important trade-off |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux quick-start script | Docker installation, secret generation and prompts for URLs. | A first deployment when you want the official defaults with fewer manual edits. | Less explicit control during the initial setup; review the generated files before exposing the server. |
| Manual repository setup | You clone the repository, choose a release tag and edit .env yourself. |
Teams that need repeatable infrastructure, code review or pinned versions. | You must maintain secrets, URLs and release updates yourself. |
Both routes ultimately run the same Compose project. The quick-start path is described for Linux. The manual path can be used on any operating system that has Git and Docker available, although a production VPS normally runs Linux with Docker Engine.
Route A: use the Linux quick-start script
- Provision a Linux VPS meeting at least the 4 GB RAM/two-core baseline. Connect over SSH with an account that can install packages and manage Docker.
- Install Git if it is not already present. The official Supabase guide provides the quick-start command; obtain that command from the current guide rather than copying an old version from a third-party article.
- Run the official script. It can install Docker, generate secrets and ask for the public URLs used by the deployment. Read each prompt carefully and enter hostnames that already point to this VPS.
- Inspect the generated project directory and
.env. Confirm that no example or placeholder values remain and that the URLs use the correct scheme and hostname for your planned TLS setup. - From the project directory, start the stack with
sh run.sh start. The script is equivalent todocker compose up -d --waitin the documented workflow. - Check container state with
docker compose ps. Continue only when the expected services report healthy or running states; a container that repeatedly restarts needs investigation before you publish the endpoint.
The quick-start script is convenient, but it does not remove the need for operational review. Save the generated secrets in an approved secret store, restrict file permissions on .env, and document the exact guide version and tag used so another administrator can reproduce the host.
Route B: configure the repository manually
- Install Git and Docker Engine with Compose support on the VPS. On a desktop or Mac, Docker Desktop supplies the Docker runtime and Compose, but a public deployment should run on a server that remains online.
- Clone the Supabase repository and enter its
docker/directory using the commands shown in the current official self-hosting guide. Do not substitute a random community fork. - Copy the example environment file to the active file:
cp .env.example .env. - Choose a release tag before starting. The manual instructions currently display
self-hosted/v0.8.2; that value is volatile, so check the live guide and release list and use the tag it currently documents. Pinning a tag makes the deployment reproducible, while also creating an explicit update task for you. - Open
.envand replace every example value. Generate unique, high-entropy secrets for the database, token signing, dashboard and encryption functions required by your release. Set the public site and API URLs to the DNS names you prepared. Variable names are case-sensitive. - Read
docker/CONFIG.mdalongside.env.example. CONFIG.md explains each variable and whether it applies to the CLI, self-hosting or both. Use it as the authority for the release you checked out; variable names and requirements can change between tags. - Start from the
docker/project directory withsh run.sh start. If you prefer the underlying Compose command, the documented equivalent isdocker compose up -d --wait. - Verify the result with
docker compose ps, then inspect logs for any service that is unhealthy or restarting before configuring clients.
Never start a public deployment with the untouched values in .env.example. The analytics documentation specifically warns against using placeholder values, and the same discipline applies to the rest of the stack.
Configure environment variables safely
Use the files that match your release
The exact environment-variable set is release-dependent. Third-party tutorials often publish long lists that become stale; do not copy one blindly. In your checked-out docker/ directory, treat CONFIG.md and .env.example as the source of truth. CONFIG.md also identifies whether a setting belongs to the CLI, self-hosting or both, which prevents you from adding an irrelevant variable and assuming it is active.
Generate and protect secrets
Use different random values for each secret. Do not reuse a password from another service, commit .env to a public repository or paste secrets into support tickets. Limit the file to the account that administers the stack, and keep an encrypted offline copy for disaster recovery. If a signing or encryption secret changes, existing tokens or encrypted data may no longer be valid; plan a rotation procedure rather than editing such values casually.
Set URLs consistently
Enter the externally reachable site, API and dashboard addresses exactly as clients will see them, including the correct scheme. Keep local-only addresses out of values intended for browser redirects or email links. When you later move behind a reverse proxy, update the public URL settings and test sign-in, sign-out, password reset and API calls from a separate client network.
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Rootless Docker requirement
If Docker is running in rootless mode, set DOCKER_SOCKET_LOCATION in .env. The official guidance notes that the Vector container exits without this setting. After changing it, restart the stack and confirm Vector’s state with docker compose ps if analytics is enabled.
Start the stack and verify health
Run commands from the directory containing the Supabase Compose files. The supported start command is:
sh run.sh startThis invokes the project’s startup logic and waits for Compose services in the documented workflow. The direct equivalent is:
docker compose up -d --waitThen inspect the service table:
docker compose psA successful start is more than “containers exist.” Check that services remain up after several minutes, the dashboard loads through the intended hostname, a test user can authenticate, and a test database query succeeds through the API path you will use in production. Record the output and the image/tag versions as part of your deployment notes.
Enable Logs & Analytics only when you need them
Logs & Analytics are disabled by default to conserve memory. The documented enablement command is:
sh run.sh config add logsStart the stack again afterward:
sh run.sh startThis adds Logflare and Vector and enables the Log Explorer in Studio. Because those services consume additional resources, enable them deliberately on a small VPS and watch memory before adding production traffic. If Vector fails on a rootless Docker installation, revisit DOCKER_SOCKET_LOCATION before troubleshooting the analytics pipeline itself.
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Put an internet-facing deployment behind normal production controls
TLS and reverse proxy
Use HTTPS for browser traffic, authentication redirects and API credentials. A reverse proxy can terminate TLS, keep internal container ports private and provide a single public entry point. The available guide summary does not specify an official proxy product or certificate workflow, so choose one that your team can patch, monitor and renew reliably. Validate renewal before the first certificate expires.
Firewall and administration
Apply least privilege to inbound rules, restrict SSH, disable unused services and keep the host patched. Do not expose the database directly to the public internet simply because the container is reachable on a private Docker network. If an external administration tool needs database access, prefer a VPN or a narrowly scoped tunnel.
Email and authentication testing
Authentication flows depend on correctly configured email delivery when users must verify addresses or reset passwords. Test signup, verification, password reset and failure messages with a real mail provider before launch. A local-only shortcut that auto-confirms users is not an appropriate substitute for production email controls, and the available evidence does not establish a supported public-server setting for it.
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Monitor host memory, CPU, disk utilisation, container restarts and database health. Alert on a full filesystem and on repeated restarts, not just on total VPS downtime. Keep application logs within a retention limit so they cannot consume the volume needed by the database. Verify that backups can be read and restored; an untested dump is not a recovery plan.
Updating a pinned deployment
- Read the current Supabase self-hosting guide and release notes before changing the tag. The
self-hosted/v0.8.2value shown in the manual instructions may be superseded. - Back up the database, object data and the current
.env. Capturedocker compose psand relevant logs so you have a before-and-after record. - Review changes to
.env.exampleanddocker/CONFIG.md. Add newly required variables and preserve existing secret values unless the release instructions explicitly require rotation. - Fetch the new tag in a staging or clone of the deployment, start it with the documented command and test authentication, API calls, migrations and dashboard access.
- Schedule the production change, keep a rollback tag available and monitor container health and database errors after the restart.
Do not treat “latest” as a version strategy. A pinned tag gives you a known starting point; a written update process keeps that pin from becoming an unpatched permanent state.
Troubleshooting common failures
The command says Docker is missing
The manual route requires Docker and Compose before sh run.sh start can work. Install Docker Engine and Compose on Linux, or use Docker Desktop on a development machine, then verify the daemon is running and that your account can execute docker compose ps.
Containers start and then exit
Run docker compose ps and inspect the logs for the specific service. The usual first checks are malformed or missing environment values, a port already occupied by another process, insufficient memory, and a host filesystem that is full. Correct one cause at a time and restart from the project directory.
Vector exits on rootless Docker
Set DOCKER_SOCKET_LOCATION in .env, as required by the official guidance for rootless Docker, then restart. If you do not need Logs & Analytics, remove that optional configuration and run the default stack instead.
The dashboard or API uses the wrong hostname
Check DNS resolution from an external network, the public URL values in .env, the reverse-proxy host rules and the TLS certificate’s names. A browser may cache redirects, so retest in a private window after correcting the configuration.
The VPS runs out of memory
Confirm whether Logs & Analytics was enabled, inspect container memory use and compare the host with the 4 GB minimum or 8 GB production recommendation. Disable optional analytics while diagnosing, reduce unrelated workloads and move to a larger VPS if the baseline is already saturated.
Authentication emails never arrive
Verify the mail settings documented for your release, sender-domain authentication and outbound firewall rules. Test delivery to more than one mailbox and inspect the relevant service logs. Do not “fix” the symptom by weakening account verification on a public deployment.
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Choose a VPS deployment when you need control over data location, network placement, upgrade timing or infrastructure integration and you can operate a stateful database service. It is less attractive when you lack time for patching, backups, TLS, monitoring and incident response. The 4 GB/two-core figure is an entry requirement, not a guarantee that a heavily used application will remain comfortable at that size.
The safest path is incremental: deploy the default stack, verify health, test authentication and backups, then add analytics or other optional capabilities one at a time. Keep the release tag and configuration under change control, and document the recovery steps while the installation is still fresh.
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