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What Cachet does and what you are deploying
Cachet is an open-source, self-hosted status-page application. The CachetHQ Docker project describes it as “a beautiful and powerful open source status page system, a free replacement for services such as StatusPage.io, Status.io and others.” In practical terms, a deployment consists of a web application, a database, persistent storage for any uploaded assets, and a public hostname such as status.example.com.
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The current Cachet 3.x line requires PHP 8.3 or later, Composer, and one supported database: MariaDB, MySQL, PostgreSQL, or SQLite. Docker packages the runtime and its dependencies; a manual installation uses PHP and Composer installed on the VPS. Cachet is only the status interface, not an uptime-monitoring system by itself. Your monitoring tools or operators must decide when a component is degraded and then publish that state through the web interface or API.
Design the page so it can remain reachable while the services it describes are failing. A VPS in the same account, network, or control plane as your production application may disappear during a provider-wide or account-level incident. For high-importance services, place Cachet on separate infrastructure and keep an alternate communication channel ready.
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Docker or manual installation?
Both routes can produce a production deployment. Choose based on how your team manages software rather than on the assumption that one route is universally safer.
| Decision axis | Docker Compose | Manual Linux installation |
|---|---|---|
| Dependency isolation | The container packages the application runtime and dependencies, reducing interference with other services on the host. | PHP 8.3 or later, Composer, the database driver, and the web-server integration are managed on the VPS itself. |
| Initial setup | Usually faster to reproduce: configure the compose environment, build, start, and generate an application key. | More individual steps, including PHP/runtime configuration, source deployment, environment setup, and web-server configuration. |
| Upgrade control | Pin a stable Cachet release tag and deliberately rebuild; migrations still require planning. | Pin the source release and Composer dependencies; apply the documented migrations during a maintenance window. |
| Operational visibility | Inspect container status and container logs in addition to the reverse proxy and host logs. | Inspect the host web server, PHP process manager (if used), application logs, and database service logs. |
| Recovery | Requires backups of database data, persistent volumes or bind mounts, the compose file, environment values, and the selected image/release. | Requires database and asset backups plus the source version, Composer lock state, environment values, and host configuration. |
| Best fit | Teams that want a repeatable, isolated deployment and already use Compose. | Teams that standardize PHP applications directly on Linux and have established host-level patching and rollback procedures. |
Do not use an unpinned latest or development build for a public page. The official Docker documentation warns that the main/latest build can change; select a stable tagged release, record that tag, and keep the exact compose file used in production.
Prepare the Linux VPS before installing Cachet
Start with a supported 64-bit Linux VPS and treat it as a production service even if the page is small.
- Create a non-root administrative account and use SSH keys rather than password authentication. Retain a controlled recovery method for the provider console.
- Enable automatic security updates where they are appropriate for your operating system, and define how you will review updates that require a reboot.
- Configure a host firewall that permits only SSH, HTTP, and HTTPS. Restrict SSH by source address when your team can maintain an allow-list.
- Allocate persistent disk space for the database, application logs, and uploaded assets. Monitor free space; a full filesystem can prevent both incident updates and database writes.
- Point a dedicated status subdomain at the VPS with an A or AAAA record as appropriate. Lower DNS TTL before a planned migration, but do not rely on DNS changes as an instant failover mechanism.
- Keep a written record of the VPS address, operating-system version, Cachet release, database type, storage paths, and administrator contacts.
The application should not be exposed directly on its internal port. Terminate TLS at Nginx, Caddy, or a managed edge proxy, then proxy requests to Cachet over the host or an internal container network. Redirect HTTP to HTTPS, renew certificates automatically, and test renewal before the existing certificate is close to expiry.
Deploy Cachet with Docker Compose
The official Docker procedure is intentionally short, but each step has operational consequences. Run it from a directory that is backed up or stored in your configuration repository without committing secrets.
1. Obtain the official Docker source
Clone the Cachet Docker repository on the VPS, or retrieve the release-controlled copy your team has approved. Check out the stable tag you intend to run rather than building an unpinned branch. Save the tag and the commit identifier in your deployment notes so a rebuild produces the same application version.
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2. Edit the compose environment
Open docker-compose.yml and set the environment values for the public URL, database connection, credentials, storage, and other settings required by the selected release. Use a long, unique database password and keep the environment file readable only by the account that manages the deployment. Never commit .env files, database passwords, or the application key to a public repository.
The compose example exposes host port 80 while the Cachet container listens on port 8000 by default. For production, place the public listener behind your HTTPS reverse proxy. If you publish the container port on the host, restrict direct access with the firewall or bind it only where the proxy can reach it; users should reach the page through the TLS hostname, not an exposed application port.
3. Build and start the selected release
- From the directory containing the compose file, run
docker-compose build. - Start the stack with
docker-compose up. Keep the output available while you confirm that the web and database services start without repeated restarts. - Check that the database volume and any application-data volume are persistent rather than ephemeral container storage. A container replacement must not erase the page configuration or incident history.
The exact service names can differ between release files. Use the names in the compose file when inspecting logs or opening a shell; do not assume a generic container name.
4. Generate and store the application key
With the stack running, execute the documented Artisan command inside the Cachet application container:
php artisan key:generateThe command returns an APP_KEY value beginning with base64:. Copy that complete value into the compose configuration or environment file, protect the file permissions, and restart the stack so every application process uses the same key. Do not generate a new key casually after launch: changing it can make existing encrypted data unreadable.
5. Put the page behind HTTPS
Configure the reverse proxy for the status hostname, forward requests to the Cachet listener, and obtain a trusted certificate. Verify that the application generates HTTPS URLs, that HTTP redirects to HTTPS, and that WebSocket or long-lived connections are not required by your selected Cachet release before adding special proxy rules. Confirm that the VPS firewall does not leave the application port publicly reachable.
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6. Verify a restart
Stop and start the compose stack once before announcing the page. Confirm that the administrator account, component definitions, and a test incident remain present. This catches missing volumes, an unset key, and database containers that were accidentally configured with temporary storage.
Install Cachet manually on Linux
Manual installation is appropriate when your organization already manages PHP applications directly and wants host-level visibility. The project’s exact installation and migration commands can change within the 3.x line, so use the current Cachet installation documentation for the release you selected rather than copying commands from an older guide.
Install and secure the prerequisites
- Install PHP 8.3 or later and the extensions required by the selected Cachet release.
- Install Composer from its trusted distribution method and verify that the command runs as the non-root deployment account.
- Install MariaDB, MySQL, PostgreSQL, or SQLite. For a public production page, a server database with scheduled backups is generally easier to operate at scale than an unplanned file-only database.
- Install and patch a web server. Configure it to serve Cachet’s public directory, not the project root, so environment files and application internals are not downloadable.
Deploy the source and environment
Obtain the Cachet source for a stable 3.x release, install the Composer dependencies as directed by that release, and create the environment configuration. Set the public URL, database connection, mail settings if you will send notifications, and a strong unique APP_KEY. Restrict permissions on the environment file and ensure the web-server user can read only what it needs.
Run the documented installer and migrations
From the Cachet application directory, run the current release’s installation and migration commands exactly as documented. Do this as the deployment account, not as an arbitrary root shell, and record the output. If a migration fails, stop and correct the database or PHP requirement before retrying; do not delete migration tables or application data as a first response.
Configure the web server
Point the virtual host at Cachet’s public directory, enable HTTPS, and pass the required PHP requests to the PHP runtime used by the release. Disable directory listing, set sensible request-size limits, and keep administrative endpoints protected by the application’s authentication. Reload the web server only after validating its configuration, then test the status hostname from a separate network.
Complete the first-run configuration
Open the HTTPS hostname and create the administrator account. Use a unique password stored in your team’s password manager, and create additional named administrators only when they need access. Avoid sharing one account during an incident because individual accounts make access review possible.
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Set the public identity
- Set the public site name and the correct timezone. The timezone affects how readers interpret incident timestamps and scheduled maintenance.
- Create component groups that match how customers understand your service, then add individual components beneath them. Use recognizable names rather than internal project codenames.
- Choose the initial state for every component and verify how operational, degraded, partial outage, and major outage states are rendered publicly.
Exercise the incident workflow
Publish a maintenance notice before a real incident. Create a test incident, add an update with a timestamp, set its impact, and close it. Confirm that the public page displays the component state and update order correctly, then remove or clearly label the test entry. This rehearsal exposes missing permissions, incorrect timezone settings, and broken outbound mail while the service is healthy.
Configure email only after the page works
Enter SMTP credentials and sender details only after verifying the basic page. Test delivery to an internal mailbox, then test subscriber confirmation and unsubscribe behavior if subscriptions are enabled. Align the sender domain with your organization’s authentication and policy requirements; an accepted SMTP connection does not guarantee that recipients will accept the message.
Design a useful public status page
A status page should answer three questions quickly: what is affected, what is being done, and when readers will hear more. Keep component names stable so links and customer documentation do not become confusing during an outage.
- Use one component for each service or capability readers can recognize.
- In an incident update, state the impact, the mitigation in progress, and the time of the next update.
- Use timestamps consistently and write in plain language. Do not expose internal hostnames, credentials, or speculative root causes.
- Close an incident only when the service is restored and monitoring confirms recovery; explain any follow-up work in a final update.
Keep an alternate communication channel and a pre-written maintenance page. If the VPS, DNS provider, or mail provider fails, the alternate channel is the only way to tell readers why the normal page is unavailable.
Use the Cachet API safely
Cachet’s official API represents schedules and their related components and updates in JSON responses. That makes it suitable for controlled integrations that create incidents, change component status, or publish scheduled maintenance.
Separate detection from publication
Let monitoring detect a condition, but place a review or policy layer between an alert and a public update when a false positive could cause customer confusion. A failed integration must not overwrite a manually posted incident without an operator decision.
Protect automation credentials
- Store API credentials in a secret manager or a protected runtime environment, never in a repository or shell history.
- Give each integration only the access it needs and rotate credentials when staff, systems, or vendors change.
- Rate-limit retries and make updates idempotent so a repeated alert does not create a page full of duplicate incidents.
- Log the source event, the Cachet action, and the resulting status without logging secrets.
Automate scheduled maintenance deliberately
Represent a maintenance window as a schedule with the affected components and clear start and end times. Have an operator verify the schedule before it becomes public, and alert the team if the scheduled end passes without a recovery update.
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The database contains configuration, component states, users, schedules, and incident history. Uploaded assets and any persistent application directories also matter. A backup that contains only the compose file or source code cannot restore a working status page.
- Back up the database on a defined schedule appropriate to your incident volume.
- Back up uploaded assets and persistent application directories, using the actual named-volume or bind-mount locations in Docker.
- Encrypt backup copies and restrict access to the encryption keys.
- Keep at least one copy outside the VPS and, where practical, outside the same provider account.
- Restore into a separate environment on a regular schedule. Verify that the restored page can authenticate, display historical incidents, and accept a new test update.
Document retention, backup timestamps, encryption ownership, and the person responsible for initiating a restore. During an outage, uncertainty about who can restore is itself a service risk.
Upgrade without losing the page
Pin the Cachet release, read the project’s upgrade notes, and take a fresh backup or VPS snapshot before changing the application. Treat database migrations as a planned change, not as an incidental side effect of pulling a new image or source tree.
Docker upgrade sequence
- Record the current image or source tag, compose file, environment values, and backup identifiers.
- Read the release and upgrade notes for breaking changes and migration requirements.
- Take and verify database and asset backups.
- Update the pinned tag, rebuild the image, and start the stack in a maintenance window.
- Run the documented migrations, then test login, the public page, incident creation, email, and API access.
- Keep the previous image/tag and compose configuration available until the new version has passed observation.
Manual upgrade sequence
Back up first, then obtain the new stable source, update Composer dependencies according to the release instructions, run the documented migrations, and reload the web and PHP services. Preserve the previous source tree and dependency lock state so you can restore the known-good version if the application or migration fails.
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Do not roll back application files while leaving an incompatible database schema in place. A rollback plan must specify how the database is restored or downgraded, not merely how to start an older container.
Monitor the status page itself
Monitoring from inside the same VPS can report green while the public page is unreachable. Probe the HTTPS hostname from an external network and check the response, certificate, and expected page content.
- External HTTPS availability: alert on connection failures, certificate errors, unexpected redirects, and sustained non-success responses.
- Disk usage: alert before the filesystem fills and blocks database writes or logs.
- Database health: watch connection failures, storage growth, and backup completion.
- Container or service restarts: investigate repeated crashes instead of treating an automatic restart as recovery.
- Certificate expiry: monitor renewal and test the renewal path before expiry.
- Backup freshness: alert when the latest successful backup exceeds your recovery objective.
- Administrative access: review logs for unexpected login attempts and API activity.
Keep alerts for the status page on a channel that does not depend on the page being available. During an incident, the team must be able to receive the alert that the communication system itself is down.
Security controls that matter most
- Patch the Linux operating system, PHP runtime, database, reverse proxy, and container base images according to a documented schedule.
- Use a strong, unique
APP_KEYand protect it like any other encryption secret. - Restrict SSH, firewall rules, database listeners, and administrative routes to the smallest practical set of sources.
- Use separate database credentials for Cachet and rotate them when personnel or systems change.
- Do not expose database ports to the public internet.
- Keep logs long enough to investigate access and deployment events, but avoid placing passwords or API tokens in them.
- Review administrator accounts periodically and remove unused access.
Troubleshooting common deployment failures
| Symptom | Likely cause | Checks and recovery |
|---|---|---|
| The page shows a connection error immediately after startup. | The application or database container is still starting, has crashed, or cannot resolve the configured database. | Inspect compose service status and logs, verify environment values, and confirm the database volume is mounted. Do not repeatedly recreate containers before identifying the first error. |
| Cachet reports an application-key error. | APP_KEY is missing, malformed, or differs between processes. |
Generate the key with php artisan key:generate inside the running application container, copy the complete base64: value into the configuration, protect the file, and restart. |
| Data disappears after a container replacement. | The database or asset directory was stored in ephemeral container storage. | Stop changes, identify the intended named volume or bind mount, restore the latest verified backup, and correct the compose storage definition before bringing the service back. |
| The hostname works on HTTP but not HTTPS. | DNS, certificate issuance, reverse-proxy routing, or firewall rules are incomplete. | Check DNS resolution externally, validate the proxy configuration, confirm ports 80 and 443 reach the proxy, and test certificate renewal. Keep the application listener private. |
| Incident email is not delivered. | SMTP credentials, sender policy, DNS authentication, or recipient filtering is wrong. | Test SMTP after the page works, inspect application and mail-provider logs, verify sender policy, and test both subscription confirmation and unsubscribe messages. |
| An upgrade fails during migration. | The release has a prerequisite or schema change that was not planned. | Keep the site in maintenance mode, preserve logs, restore the pre-upgrade database if necessary, and follow the release-specific upgrade notes before retrying. |
| An automated integration keeps changing a manual incident. | The integration has unrestricted authority or no conflict policy. | Disable the writer, preserve the manual incident, then add review gates, scoped credentials, rate limits, and an explicit precedence rule. |
Pre-launch and incident-readiness checklist
- Stable Cachet release tag and documented rollback version are recorded.
- VPS uses a non-root administrator, SSH keys, security updates, and a restrictive firewall.
- DNS points to a dedicated status hostname and HTTPS works externally.
- Cachet’s internal listener is not directly exposed to the internet.
- Database and uploaded assets use persistent storage.
- Administrator account, component groups, components, timezone, and public site name are configured.
- A maintenance notice and test incident have been created and removed or clearly marked.
- SMTP, subscriber confirmation, and unsubscribe flows have been tested if enabled.
- Database and asset backups are encrypted, off-host, and restorable.
- External HTTPS, disk, database, restart, certificate, and backup-freshness monitoring is active.
- API credentials are protected, rate-limited, and governed by a manual-incident precedence policy.
- An alternate communication channel and a pre-written outage page are available.
Which deployment should you choose?
Choose Docker Compose when you want dependency isolation and a repeatable build, can manage persistent volumes, and are comfortable operating container logs and release tags. Choose a manual installation when your team already has hardened PHP, Composer, web-server, and database procedures and wants those existing tools to manage Cachet. Neither option removes the need for backups, migrations, HTTPS, external monitoring, or a recovery plan; those operational controls determine whether the page remains useful during the outage it is meant to describe.
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