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How to Run Large Language Models on NVIDIA DGX Spark

NVIDIA DGX Spark supports documented LLM workflows with NIM, vLLM, and CUDA-enabled llama.cpp. Choose a Spark-compatible model recipe and account for memory, context length, and runtime requirements.

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You can run an LLM on NVIDIA DGX Spark using a supported NVIDIA NIM container, vLLM, or CUDA-enabled llama.cpp. Start with a model recipe explicitly marked for Spark, because NVIDIA’s advertised parameter ceiling does not guarantee that every model, quantization, or context length will fit in memory.

What DGX Spark can run—and what its specs mean

NVIDIA describes DGX Spark as a compact Grace Blackwell system with an integrated CPU and GPU and 128 GB of unified memory. Its hardware documentation, last updated September 10, 2026, lists 273 GB/s memory bandwidth and up to 1,000 TOPS at FP4 precision with sparsity. These are NVIDIA-published specifications, not independent workload measurements. See the DGX Spark hardware overview.

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NVIDIA lists support for models up to 200 billion parameters on one Spark, or 405B with a dual-Spark configuration. Treat those figures as platform capability claims, not a guarantee that a particular model will load or serve well. Weight format and quantization, context length and its KV cache, runtime overhead, and other processes all affect memory requirements.

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For a specific model, check the current Spark recipe and its image or container tag, model format, memory guidance, and any account or registry requirements. NVIDIA specifically cautions that not every NIM has a DGX Spark-compatible image or profile; confirm availability in its NGC guidance.

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Choose a runtime for your model and workflow

Option Documented approach Best starting point when
NVIDIA NIM Run a supported containerized inference microservice and use its OpenAI-compatible HTTP endpoint. NVIDIA’s playbook defaults to Llama 3.1 8B Instruct. You want a prebuilt service and the exact model has a Spark-compatible NIM image or profile.
vLLM Follow NVIDIA’s Spark-specific Docker instructions, which include GPU access, shared IPC, a Hugging Face cache mount, and settings for maximum model length and GPU memory use. The model has a Spark recipe and you want to serve it with vLLM.
llama.cpp Build with CUDA, use a compatible GGUF checkpoint, and run llama-server with an OpenAI-compatible chat-completions API. NVIDIA’s example uses a quantized Qwen3.6-35B-A3B MTP GGUF model. You have a suitable GGUF checkpoint and want the documented CUDA-enabled workflow.

The sources describe setup paths, not controlled cross-runtime speed or capacity tests, so they do not establish which option is fastest or supports the most users. Begin with the model’s official recipe rather than choosing a runtime on an assumed performance ranking. See NVIDIA’s NIM LLM playbook, vLLM instructions for DGX Spark, and llama.cpp playbook.

Prepare the system and launch a model

  1. Finish first-boot setup. Connect the system to your network, complete setup, and install available updates. NVIDIA supports local-console or network access after setup; follow the first-boot guide.
  2. Select a Spark-compatible model recipe. Verify the model format, supported image or container tag, memory requirements, feasible context length, and any account or registry prerequisites. Do not infer compatibility from parameter count alone.
  3. Use the matching runtime instructions. Choose the supported NIM image for a prebuilt microservice, NVIDIA’s Spark-specific vLLM configuration for a supported model, or the CUDA-enabled llama.cpp workflow for a compatible GGUF checkpoint.
  4. Start the server as documented. Use the current commands and settings in that recipe, including its GPU, IPC, cache, and memory options where specified. Keep model files and caches in persistent locations recommended by the playbook so they do not need to be fetched again unnecessarily.
  5. Check startup before sending requests. Wait for model loading to finish, inspect the service logs or health status described by the runtime guide, then send a small test request to the documented local endpoint. NVIDIA’s NIM playbook demonstrates validation through an OpenAI-compatible endpoint.
  6. Protect the endpoint. An inference server running locally is not automatically private or secure. Do not expose it beyond a trusted network without appropriate access controls, and consider how the selected runtime handles model files and prompts.

Handle memory pressure and failed loads

Unified memory is shared system capacity, not a dedicated pool that can always be allocated entirely to model weights. A model may fail to load or leave too little headroom when its weights, context/KV cache, runtime, and other active processes exceed what is available.

  • Use the model-specific troubleshooting guidance; NVIDIA’s Spark vLLM instructions flag unified-memory pressure.
  • Try a shorter feasible context length or a smaller supported checkpoint if the recipe permits it.
  • Consider a quantized checkpoint when the runtime and model recipe support it. Quantization changes resource use and can affect output quality; the cited guidance does not establish a particular quality or speed outcome.
  • Stop unnecessary memory-heavy jobs and retry after checking the service logs.

For GGUF, NVIDIA’s playbook says models can be used if system memory is available to host and run them. That guidance is not a universal fit guarantee for every model variant or context size.

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When two DGX Sparks are required

Some models in NVIDIA’s NIM multi-node deployment guide use two DGX Spark systems rather than one. That guide specifies ConnectX-7 interconnects, verified 100 Gbps QSFP28 cables, and RoCE configuration, along with freeing memory on both systems and configuring host networking and device mappings for its container workflow. These requirements apply to the selected models and procedure in that guide; they are not a prerequisite for ordinary single-system inference. Follow the model-specific steps in NVIDIA’s NIM deployment guide for DGX Spark.

Check software versions before deployment

NVIDIA’s live DGX Spark release notes list DGX OS 7.5.0, GPU driver 580.159.03, and CUDA Toolkit 13.0.2 for the Founders Edition in the surfaced release information checked for this guide on October 4, 2026. These values are not evergreen requirements: GB10-based partner systems may receive updates on a different schedule. Check the current release notes and the runtime’s current model recipe before deploying rather than treating those versions as universal.

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