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What the Docker deployment actually provides
A Factorio container is disposable; its writable layer can disappear when you remove or recreate it. The world is not disposable if the container’s /factorio directory is backed by a VPS directory such as /opt/factorio. That mount becomes the durable home for the server’s configuration, save archives, mods, RCON password and player access files.
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The image’s documented quick-start configuration uses a named container, an automatic restart policy and one published game port. Docker handles the process lifecycle while the VPS supplies storage, firewall rules, inbound networking and backups. This separation lets you pull a newer image, recreate the container and keep the same Factorio data directory.
VPS and network requirements
Choose a VPS that permits Docker and gives you control over both its operating-system firewall and the provider’s security group or network firewall. The server needs persistent disk space for saves and mods, SSH or equivalent administrative access, and a way to make verified backups or snapshots. CPU and memory requirements depend on map size, simulation settings, player count and mods; the supplied image documentation does not define a universal minimum, so monitor actual load rather than treating a generic plan size as a guarantee.
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| Purpose | Protocol and port | Where to allow it | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Factorio multiplayer traffic | UDP 34197 | VPS firewall and provider security group | This is the default game port used by the image and identified in Factorio’s multiplayer documentation. |
| RCON administration | TCP 27015 | Only if remote RCON is required | The image can use RCON through docker exec without publishing this port. If exposed, restrict its source addresses. |
| Administration | SSH port chosen by your VPS setup | VPS firewall and provider security group | Keep administrative access separate from the game and RCON rules. |
Do not open TCP 34197 in place of UDP, and do not assume a Docker port mapping overrides a provider-level block. A player can reach the server only when all three layers agree: the Factorio process is listening, Docker publishes the correct protocol, and both external firewalls permit it.
Prepare the host directory and permissions
Create the persistent directory before starting the container. The documented image runs Factorio as UID 845, so ownership must allow that user to create saves, logs and configuration files.
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sudo chown 845:845 /opt/factorioDo not substitute a directory inside the container for this host path. If you later remove a container that has no host mount, Docker can remove the only copy of your world. The host directory should also be included in your VPS backup plan, with special attention to saves and config.
Launch the server with Docker
Run the documented single-container deployment:
sudo docker run -d
-p 34197:34197/udp
-v /opt/factorio:/factorio
--name factorio
--restart=unless-stopped
factoriotools/factorioThe -p option publishes only the gameplay port. The -v option binds the host directory to the path expected by the image. --restart=unless-stopped starts the server again after a reboot or an otherwise recoverable Docker restart, while still allowing you to stop it intentionally. The name makes subsequent log, stop and exec commands unambiguous.
After starting, confirm that Docker created the container and read its startup output:
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sudo docker ps
sudo docker logs factorioUse the logs to identify first-boot map generation, configuration errors, permission failures or a process that exited immediately. A running container is not proof that players can connect; test the port from the game client after opening UDP 34197 in both firewall layers.
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The documented image creates its data under the mounted directory. A first start generates a map named _autosave1.zip. On later starts, the default behavior is to load the newest save.
Path under /opt/factorio |
Purpose |
|---|---|
config/server-settings.json |
Server name, description, player and gameplay-related server settings. |
config/map-gen-settings.json |
Terrain and resource generation parameters for newly generated maps. |
config/map-settings.json |
Simulation and map behavior settings. |
config/rconpw |
RCON credential file used by the image’s server configuration. |
config/server-whitelist.json |
Players permitted when a whitelist is enabled. |
config/server-banlist.json |
Players blocked from joining. |
config/server-adminlist.json |
Players granted administrator privileges. |
mods |
Factorio mod files used by the server. |
saves |
Save archives, including autosaves and named worlds. |
Edit the JSON files on the host, then restart the container so the server reads the changes. Keep valid JSON syntax; a malformed settings file can prevent startup or cause the image to fall back to its defaults. Stop the server before making changes that must be applied atomically, especially when replacing mods or save archives.
Choose which save the container loads
Use the newest save automatically
With the default image behavior, subsequent starts load the newest save in the mounted saves directory. This is convenient for an unattended VPS because a restart normally returns players to the latest autosave.
Load a specific existing save
Set LOAD_LATEST_SAVE=false and provide SAVE_NAME for the archive you want the server to open. The name must correspond to the save filename in /opt/factorio/saves; inspect that directory rather than guessing when several worlds exist. Apply the variables using the image’s documented configuration method, then recreate or restart the container as required by that image version.
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Generate a fresh map
Set GENERATE_NEW_SAVE=true together with SAVE_NAME. You can also set PRESET when you want a map-generation preset. A new map uses the generation files present at startup, so decide on map-gen-settings.json and the preset before launching it. Generating a new save does not replace an older archive unless you deliberately use the same name and manage the existing file.
Configure the server after first boot
Open /opt/factorio/config/server-settings.json on the VPS with your preferred editor. Change the server identity and gameplay options there rather than baking edits into a container layer. Restart the container after saving the file and check docker logs factorio for confirmation that the server accepted it.
Use the access-list files for administration:
- Add approved players to
server-whitelist.jsonwhen you want to restrict entry. - Place unwanted players in
server-banlist.json. - Grant trusted operators entries in
server-adminlist.json.
Mods belong in /opt/factorio/mods. The server and connecting clients must use compatible mod sets and versions. Stop the server before changing a mod set, retain a backup of the previous files, and test the world after restarting. A mod update can change save compatibility even when the Docker image itself has not changed.
Use Docker Compose when configuration should be declarative
Compose stores the container definition in a file that can be reviewed, copied and recreated consistently. The documented pattern keeps the same host mount and game port:
services:
factorio:
image: factoriotools/factorio
ports:
- '34197:34197/udp'
volumes:
- /opt/factorio:/factorio
restart: unless-stoppedSave this as a Compose file in a directory you control, then operate the service from that directory. The important safety property is not Compose itself; it is that every recreation continues to mount /opt/factorio. A Compose file that omits the volume can still start successfully while creating a new, empty world inside the container.
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For production, pin an image tag after checking compatibility with your Factorio save and mods instead of relying indefinitely on a moving default tag. Keep the previous image reference so you can roll back if the new image changes startup behavior or exposes an incompatibility.
| Consideration | Direct docker run |
Compose |
|---|---|---|
| Persistent data | Explicit -v /opt/factorio:/factorio on every recreation. |
Declared once in the Compose file and reused by service operations. |
| Port mapping | Explicit -p 34197:34197/udp. |
Declared under ports. |
| Restart policy | --restart=unless-stopped. |
restart: unless-stopped. |
| Version control | Image reference is part of each command. | Image tag is recorded in the service definition and can be pinned for rollback. |
| Best fit | A quick, transparent one-container deployment. | A repeatable server definition that you expect to edit or maintain over time. |
Enable RCON without creating an unnecessary exposure
RCON is optional TCP administration on port 27015. The image documentation states that you can use RCON through docker exec without publishing the port, which is the safer default when administrators can log in to the VPS. In that arrangement, leave out any 27015 port mapping and do not open it in either firewall.
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If remote RCON is genuinely needed, publish TCP 27015 deliberately and apply all of these controls:
- Set a long, unique password in the image’s RCON password file at
/opt/factorio/config/rconpw. - Restrict inbound TCP 27015 to known administrator IP addresses in the VPS firewall and provider security group.
- Avoid binding the service to an unrestricted public interface when the image’s bind settings allow a narrower address.
- Review logs and remove the public mapping when remote access is no longer necessary.
Factorio’s headless server supports explicit controls for the RCON port, bind address and password. Those controls are useful when diagnosing a custom entrypoint or a port conflict, but they do not replace network-level restrictions.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Open the firewall and test connectivity
- Allow inbound UDP 34197 in the operating-system firewall.
- Create the matching inbound rule in the VPS provider’s security group or network firewall.
- Confirm Docker shows
34197/udpin the container’s published ports. - Read
docker logs factorioand verify that the Factorio process started without an error. - Connect from a Factorio client using the VPS address and the configured game port.
Do not use a TCP-only port test to validate the game path; gameplay is UDP. If the client cannot connect, check the provider rule first, then the host firewall, then Docker’s protocol suffix, and finally the server logs. A server listening on a private or incorrect bind address can also appear healthy locally while remaining unreachable from the Internet.
Back up correctly before an image or mod upgrade
The image documentation’s operational rule is direct: “Before upgrading backup the save.” A safe upgrade preserves both the world and the configuration that makes it load correctly.
- Announce maintenance and stop the running container so no save is being written during the copy.
- Copy
/opt/factorio/savesand theconfigdirectory to separate storage. Include themodsdirectory when the world depends on a specific mod set. - Verify that the copied archives can be read and that the backup is outside the VPS disk being upgraded.
- Pull or select the new image version, keeping the previous image reference available for rollback.
- Recreate the container with the identical host mount, UDP mapping and restart policy.
- Inspect startup logs, connect with a client, and confirm that the expected save, settings and mods loaded.
- Keep the old image and the pre-upgrade backup until players have checked the world.
Removing a container is safe only when the world is on the host mount and backed up. Removing a container that stored data solely in its writable layer can destroy that data.
Use the headless command controls when diagnosing problems
Factorio’s headless server command reference exposes flags for the same areas controlled by the image entrypoint: --start-server, --port, --bind, --rcon-port, --rcon-bind, --rcon-password, --server-settings, whitelist, banlist, admin-list and console-log parameters. These options help you identify whether a failure comes from Factorio itself, the container wrapper or the network.
When troubleshooting, compare the effective command-line settings with the files in /opt/factorio/config. A custom port or bind address must agree with the Docker mapping and both firewall layers. A custom server-settings path must point to a file that exists inside the mounted /factorio tree.
Troubleshoot by symptom
Players cannot connect
- Confirm UDP 34197 is allowed in both the VPS firewall and provider security group.
- Check that Docker publishes
34197:34197/udp, not a TCP mapping. - Read the container logs for startup or bind errors.
- Verify the server is listening on the expected port and address.
The server loads the wrong world
- List the files in
/opt/factorio/savesand check their names. - Review
LOAD_LATEST_SAVEandSAVE_NAME. - Ensure a fresh-map setting such as
GENERATE_NEW_SAVE=truewas not left enabled after initial creation.
The container reports permission errors
Recheck ownership of the complete mounted tree. The documented Factorio UID is 845, so a directory owned by an unrelated host user may prevent creation of saves, logs or configuration. Correct ownership, restart the container and inspect the logs again.
RCON does not work
- Check that
config/rconpwexists and contains the intended credential. - Determine whether you are using the image’s local
docker execpath or an intentionally published TCP port. - If remote, verify TCP 27015 is published and permitted only from the administrator’s source IP.
- Confirm that the RCON bind and password settings agree with the container’s effective headless configuration.
A modded save fails after an update
Restore the pre-update image, save and mod backup, then test compatibility in a controlled maintenance window. Keep the image tag and mod files that were known to work together; changing both at once makes the cause harder to isolate.
The server stops after reboot
Check that the container still exists, that its restart policy is unless-stopped, and that Docker starts with the VPS. Review logs for a failed mount, invalid JSON or a missing save. A restart policy cannot repair a configuration error that causes the process to exit repeatedly.
Operational checklist
- Persistent host mount:
/opt/factorio:/factorio. - Directory ownership suitable for UID 845.
- UDP 34197 open in both firewall layers.
- TCP 27015 closed unless restricted remote RCON is required.
- Server settings, access lists, RCON credentials, mods and saves stored under the mounted directory.
- Save and configuration backups verified before upgrades.
- Image tag and previous rollback reference recorded.
- Logs reviewed after every restart or recreation.
- Client connection tested after changes to ports, saves, settings or mods.
This arrangement gives you a reproducible Factorio service without tying the world to a particular container instance: Docker runs the process, the VPS protects and exposes it, and the mounted directory preserves the data that matters.
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