For a large AI-generated change, preserve the evidence and the current commit before touching history. On a shared or published branch, use git revert so the original commits remain visible and the rollback is itself reviewable. Use git reset only for private, unshared history after creating a recovery pointer. If an agent already rebased or reset the branch, use git reflog to locate the previous tip; use git bisect when you need to identify the first bad commit rather than remove an entire range.
The procedure below combines rollback, testing, provenance capture, signature checks and pull-request review into one auditable workflow.
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Choose the operation before changing the repository
The correct command depends on whether other people or automation already consume the branch and whether the original commits must remain visible.
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| Situation | Preferred operation | What happens to history | Primary concern |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shared, published or protected branch | git revert |
New commit(s) apply the inverse patch; original commits stay reachable | Conflicts and test failures while applying the inverse |
| Private branch with no consumers | git reset after a backup pointer |
The branch name moves to another commit | The old tip becomes harder to find without the reflog |
| An agent rebased or reset a local branch | git reflog, then a recovery branch |
Recent branch and HEAD positions can be located |
Choosing the right reflog entry before more work obscures it |
| One defect somewhere in a long range | git bisect |
No history is removed; a binary search identifies the first offending revision | The check must be reproducible at every revision |
The Git project defines revert as: “Given one or more commits, revert the changes that the related patches introduce, and record some new commits that record them.” That is why revert is the safe default once a branch is shared.
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Freeze the state and preserve evidence
Do this before running a revert, reset, rebase or cleanup command. The goal is to make the starting point independently identifiable.
Record repository identity and state
Save the output in the incident or change record:
git branch --show-current
git remote -v
git rev-parse HEAD
git status --short --branch
git log -1 --pretty=fuller
git show --stat --oneline HEADAlso write down the pull-request number, the merge method (merge commit, squash, or rebase-and-merge), the branch protection state and the time of capture. The remote URL, exact HEAD object ID and working-tree status are essential when several automated jobs may be operating on the same repository.
Save the AI and review artifacts
- Keep the agent or prompt transcript, including the model or agent-run identifier when available.
- Export the generated patch or the complete commit diff, not only a summary.
- Save CI results, test logs, security-scan output and links to immutable artifacts.
- Record dependency-file and lockfile changes separately so reviewers can see supply-chain effects.
- Preserve reviewer comments, approval history and the list of generated or mechanically rewritten files.
If the working tree contains uncommitted human edits, do not mix them into the rollback. Either commit them separately, create a patch, or stop and obtain an explicit decision about how they will be preserved.
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Before changing history, give the current tip a stable name:
git branch backup/ai-change HEADFor a release or incident record, a tag can be useful as well:
git tag backup-ai-change-2026-10-19 HEADVerify the pointer and record its object ID:
git rev-parse backup/ai-change
git show --no-patch --decorate backup/ai-changeThe backup branch or tag does not alter the code. It simply keeps the pre-rollback object reachable while you inspect, test and review the change. If your project permits remote backup refs, push the pointer to the approved repository and record that ref too.
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Rolling back a shared branch with git revert
Stage a large inverse without committing immediately
Identify the oldest and newest commits in the AI-generated range. To stage one inverse for the complete contiguous range, run:
git revert --no-commit <oldest>^..<newest>The --no-commit option applies the inverse changes to the index and working tree but leaves the final commit for inspection. The caret includes the parent of the oldest commit, so the entire range is selected. Do not guess the range: confirm both object IDs with git log --oneline --decorate and compare it with the pull request.
Inspect the staged result
Review all three views before committing:
git status
git diff --cached --stat
git diff --cached
git diff --cached --checkCheck that the staged inverse removes only the intended AI-generated work. Pay particular attention to lockfiles, database migrations, generated code, configuration, permissions and files that were edited after the AI run. A clean textual diff is not proof that behavior is safe; run the same build, test, lint and security checks normally required for the project.
Resolve conflicts deliberately
Later commits may have changed the same lines, so a range revert can conflict. git status lists each unmerged path. For every conflict:
- Open the file and decide whether the later change should remain, be removed, or be rewritten to preserve an invariant.
- Remove conflict markers and run the focused test for that component.
- Stage the resolved file with
git add <path>. - Continue the sequenced revert with
git revert --continue.
If the inverse is no longer trustworthy, stop with git revert --abort. The safety pointer and original commits remain available, so you can narrow the range, revert commits in smaller groups or prepare a manual corrective change.
Commit one reviewable rollback
After the full check suite passes, create a message that names the range and reason, for example:
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git commit -m 'Revert AI-generated range <oldest>..<newest> after failing integration checks'Record the new revert commit ID, the tests that ran, any skipped checks and the conflict decisions. Push the branch and open a pull request rather than silently updating a protected branch.
When git reset is appropriate
Reset is a local-history operation. It moves a branch name to another commit; it does not create inverse commits. Use it only when the branch is genuinely unshared or when your team has explicitly approved rewriting it.
After making the backup pointer, a typical local cleanup is:
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Reset does not erase objects immediately. The old branch position is normally discoverable through the reflog, but retention and cleanup policies mean it should not be treated as a permanent audit record. That is why the backup pointer is created before the reset.
Recover after an agent reset or rebase with the reflog
The reflog records recent movements of HEAD and branch references, including branch switching and many reset or rebase operations. Start by listing entries with local timestamps:
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git reflog --date=localLook for the entry whose message identifies the pre-reset commit, rebase start, or previous branch position. Create a recovery branch immediately, before more commands add confusing entries:
git branch recovery/ai-before-reset HEAD@{3}Replace HEAD@{3} with the verified reflog selector from your repository. Compare the recovered tip with the current branch and the safety pointer:
git diff --stat recovery/ai-before-reset..HEAD
git log --graph --oneline --decorate recovery/ai-before-reset HEADFrom that comparison, choose one action: restore the branch to the recovered commit, cherry-pick specific good commits, or revert the unwanted commits on a new review branch. Do not delete the recovery ref until reviewers agree that all needed objects and evidence have been retained.
Find the first bad commit with git bisect
Use bisect when the whole AI-generated range is not necessarily wrong and you need the earliest revision that breaks a reproducible check. Prepare a command that returns success for a good revision and failure for a bad one. The check can be a test, linter, build, security assertion or a small script, but it must use the same environment and inputs at every step.
- Start the session:
git bisect start. - Mark the failing tip:
git bisect bad. - Mark a known-good revision:
git bisect good <revision>. - Run the prescribed check at each checkout and mark the result with
git bisect goodorgit bisect bad. Record any revision that cannot be tested withgit bisect skip. - When Git identifies the first offending commit, save the bisect log, command, environment details and skipped revisions.
- Exit the temporary checkout with
git bisect reset.
The Git project describes bisect precisely: “This command uses a binary search algorithm to find the commit that introduced a bug.” The result identifies a likely introduction point; it does not by itself decide whether to revert that commit, fix it forward or keep a later compatible change.
Build an audit record for every AI-generated commit
An audit should let an independent reviewer reconstruct what changed, who approved it, what automation ran and how the rollback was derived. Keep one row or record for every commit in the affected range.
| Evidence | Capture | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| Immutable identity | Full commit object ID, parent IDs, author and committer identities, author and commit timestamps | Distinguishes similarly titled commits and shows ancestry and timing |
| Change content | Full diff, diff-stat, affected paths and generated-file list | Shows exactly what the agent introduced and what the rollback removes |
| Review state | Pull-request number, reviewers, approvals, comments and merge method | Connects code to the human decision record |
| Verification | CI artifact links, test commands, results, environment and skipped checks | Makes the claimed validation reproducible |
| Dependencies | Manifest and lockfile diffs, new packages, version changes and migration files | Exposes runtime and supply-chain consequences that a source diff can hide |
| AI provenance | Model or agent-run identifier, prompt or task transcript, tools used and attribution metadata when available | Explains how the code was produced and supports later incident analysis |
| Rollback evidence | Backup ref, revert or reset commands, resulting commit IDs, conflict notes and test output | Shows that the recovery was controlled rather than an undocumented rewrite |
GitHub’s commits documentation describes commits as records that save file changes while tracking authorship and history. Preserve those identities exactly as Git stores them; do not replace an object ID with a short, ambiguous label in the audit.
Check signatures without confusing provenance with correctness
Record whether the affected commits, tags and merge commit are signed and whether each signature is verified. A verified signature supports an identity or signing-key claim; it does not prove that the code is secure, tested or functionally correct.
Also record the merge method. GitHub documents that rebase-and-merge adds the head-branch commits to the base branch without commit-signature verification. Therefore, a green “verified” label on one commit must not be treated as proof that every commit in the resulting branch was verified, nor as a correctness verdict. The merge method and the individual commit records belong in the same provenance report.
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Publish the rollback as a reviewable change
Open a pull request for the revert or corrective change. Include:
- The affected commit range, full object IDs and a link to the original AI-generated change.
- The reason for rollback, such as a failed integration check, security assertion or unacceptable generated output.
- The exact commands used to stage the inverse, resolve conflicts and run verification.
- Test, lint, build and security results, including failures or checks that could not run.
- Dependency and generated-file impact.
- The recovery plan: which backup branch or tag remains, how long the original commits will be retained, and who owns the follow-up fix.
Keep the original commits reachable for the retention period required by your project. A revert pull request should stand on its own: a future reviewer must be able to understand the incident without relying on an ephemeral chat session or a developer’s local reflog.
Quick Recap
Failure modes and recovery choices
| Symptom | Likely cause | Response |
|---|---|---|
| The revert reports conflicts in many files | Later work overlaps the AI-generated range | Resolve and test each path, narrow the range, or abort and prepare smaller reviewable reverts |
| The branch no longer points to the expected commit | An agent or developer reset or rebased it | Use the reflog, create a recovery branch immediately, then compare histories |
| The rollback removes a needed human fix | The selected range includes mixed authorship or later edits | Inspect the staged diff, restore the required change manually and document the decision |
| Tests pass but deployment behavior changes | Configuration, generated files or lockfiles were overlooked | Review those file classes separately and repeat environment-specific checks |
| No one can reproduce the bisect result | The check or environment changed between revisions | Pin inputs, record the command and environment, and rerun with a deterministic assertion |
| A commit shows as verified | A signature was verified for that object | Keep the signature evidence, but assess correctness through tests and review |
Final audit checklist
- Branch name, remote URL, pull-request number, merge method, starting
HEADand working-tree status are recorded. - Agent transcript, generated patch, CI artifacts, dependency changes and reviewer comments are preserved.
- A backup branch or tag points to the pre-rollback tip.
- Shared history was handled with revert; reset was limited to approved private history.
- The inverse diff was inspected before commit, conflicts were documented and normal checks passed.
- Reflog recovery was used when history moved unexpectedly, with a recovery branch created before further edits.
- Bisect logs include the reproducible check, environment and skipped revisions when a first bad commit was sought.
- Every affected commit has immutable identity, ancestry, authorship, timestamps, diff, review, CI and AI attribution evidence where available.
- Signature status and merge semantics are recorded without treating verification as a correctness claim.
- The rollback is published in a pull request and the original commits remain reachable for the required retention period.
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