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If your Aave health factor is falling, act by either repaying the borrowed asset or supplying additional eligible collateral. A position with a health factor below 1 is eligible for liquidation, and there is no published grace period. Use the live Aave interface to see the current debt, accrued interest, collateral eligibility, fees and projected health factor before signing.
You can repay part or all of the debt in the asset you borrowed, add collateral that is supplied and enabled for collateral use, or—only where the market supports it—use Aave’s repay-with-collateral route.
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The number that determines liquidation risk: health factor
Aave defines health factor as the value of your total collateral multiplied by its weighted-average liquidation threshold, divided by the value of your total borrow position. In simplified form:
health factor = (collateral value × weighted-average liquidation threshold) ÷ borrow value
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A health factor below 1 makes the position eligible for liquidation, according to Aave’s Health Factor & Liquidations guide. The figure is not fixed: collateral prices, borrowed-asset prices, accrued interest and the composition of the position can all change it. A transaction that is safe when submitted can therefore become less safe while it is pending.
Aave’s FAQ illustrates a health factor of 1.333 with $10,000 of collateral, an 80% liquidation threshold and $6,000 of debt. Those are illustrative inputs, not current market parameters or a safety recommendation. The same FAQ says that keeping health factor above 2 provides more margin, while Aave’s health-factor guidance cautions that no single value is universally safe because volatility and asset correlation differ.
Do not treat a value barely above 1 as protection. Liquidation eligibility is determined by the live position and market, not by how long you have held the borrow or how long a transaction has been waiting for confirmation.
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Choose the action that matches what you have available
| Option | What changes | When it fits | Verify before signing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Repay the borrowed asset | Reduces debt directly. Full repayment closes the borrow and makes the associated collateral available, subject to transaction confirmation. | Your wallet contains the asset you borrowed and you want to reduce liabilities immediately. | Current repayment amount including accrued interest, token approval, network fee and final transaction status. |
| Supply more collateral | Increases the collateral side of the position if the asset is eligible and enabled for collateral use. | You have an eligible asset but do not have the borrowed token available to repay. | Market eligibility, the collateral setting, the transaction confirmation and the projected health factor. |
| Repay with collateral | Uses a supported conversion route to turn supplied collateral into repayment of the debt. | The feature appears for your market and its quoted route is acceptable. | Market support, output quote, swap or flash-loan details, fees and the complete transaction shown in the live interface. |
Repayment is usually the more direct way to reduce liquidation exposure because it lowers the denominator of the health-factor calculation. Adding collateral can improve the ratio without first acquiring the debt token, but only the portion of supplied assets that Aave recognizes as collateral affects the position.
Check these details before you submit anything
- Connect the wallet that owns the debt position and the tokens you intend to use.
- Confirm the market, network and exact borrowed token shown in the dashboard.
- Read the live debt balance rather than relying on an old note or screenshot. Borrowed balances accrue interest.
- For an additional deposit, confirm that the asset is listed in that market and is eligible to be used as collateral. Eligibility and risk parameters are market-specific.
- Look for the projected health-factor change displayed by the interface, but do not interpret a projected value as a guarantee against future price movement.
- Keep enough of the network’s fee asset available for approvals and the supply or repayment transaction.
- Review the wallet’s transaction details, recipient, amount and network before signing.
- If the position is close to liquidation, avoid assuming that a pending transaction will confirm before a liquidator can act.
How to repay the borrowed token through Aave
Aave’s Repay Tokens instructions describe the standard interface flow. Repayment is made in the same asset that was borrowed and includes accrued interest, so the amount shown in the current interface is more useful than a previously recorded balance.
Step 1: Connect the correct wallet
Open the Aave app for the market containing your borrow and connect the wallet that holds both the position and, if applicable, the repayment tokens. A different wallet holding the asset cannot repay another wallet’s position unless the interface explicitly supports that route.
Step 2: Open your borrowings
From the dashboard, go to the borrowings section and select the token you want to repay. The position card should show the outstanding amount and the available repayment controls. Recheck the token symbol and market before continuing, especially if you use more than one network.
Step 3: Approve the token transfer when requested
For an ERC-20 repayment, Aave may ask for permission to transfer the token. The approval can be submitted as a transaction or, where supported, as a signature. An approval transaction incurs a network fee. Wait for a required approval transaction to complete before attempting the repayment itself.
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Step 4: Enter a partial or full amount
Enter the amount shown by the interface or choose the full-repayment option if you intend to close the borrow. A partial payment lowers the debt but leaves the position open. A full payment must cover the borrowed amount plus accrued interest calculated at the time of execution; balances can change between screens.
Step 5: Review and confirm the repayment
Check the amount, network and wallet transaction details, then confirm in the wallet. When the borrowed asset is a base network asset, Aave says the interface may use its WrappedTokenGateway to unwrap and repay in one transaction. The exact route and fee are the ones displayed for your market.
Step 6: Wait for confirmation before relying on the result
Do not assume that clicking “confirm” changed the position. Use the transaction status and the dashboard to verify that the debt balance changed. The post-transaction checks are listed in the monitoring section below.
How to add collateral to an Aave position
Supplying a token and enabling it as collateral are related but distinct concepts. A token sitting in your wallet does not back the borrow. It must first be supplied to the relevant Aave market, and the supplied balance must be usable as collateral. Aave documents the dashboard controls in its Toggle Collateral Status guide.
Step 1: Identify an eligible asset
Look at the market’s supplied assets and collateral settings rather than choosing solely by the token you happen to own. Governance-set parameters such as loan-to-value and liquidation threshold vary by asset and market. The interface is the authoritative place to see whether a particular token can be supplied and whether it can count as collateral for this position.
Step 2: Supply the token
In the dashboard’s supplies area, select the asset, enter the amount and submit the supply transaction. Approve the token transfer if the interface requests it, then confirm the supply transaction in your wallet. Supplying creates or increases your supplied balance; it does not by itself prove that the balance is enabled as collateral.
Step 3: Turn on collateral use if necessary
Open the supplied asset’s collateral control and select the option to use it as collateral, then confirm the resulting transaction. If the asset is already enabled, do not toggle it off while relying on it to support the borrow. Disabling collateral can reduce the collateral side of the health-factor calculation.
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After the supply and any collateral-setting transaction are confirmed, check that the supplied balance is marked as collateral and that the health factor reflects the change. The improvement depends on the asset’s value and liquidation threshold; an asset can be eligible yet have a smaller effect than another asset of the same market value.
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Can you repay an Aave loan with collateral?
Sometimes. Aave’s FAQ says the V3 Interface or Aave Pro (V4) can provide a repay-with-collateral feature using aTokens, flash loans and decentralized-exchange integrations. Availability depends on the specific market and position, so the control may not appear for you.
This route is useful when you do not hold the borrowed token in your wallet. It is more complex than a direct repayment because the interface must convert or source the repayment asset and settle the associated steps in one supported route. Before signing, inspect:
- Whether the feature is available for the exact market and collateral asset.
- The quoted amount of debt that will be repaid and the collateral that will be consumed.
- Any swap spread, flash-loan fee, protocol fee or network fee shown in the transaction details.
- The minimum output, slippage or other execution protections presented by the interface.
- The final health factor and remaining collateral after execution.
Do not infer universal availability or a guaranteed fee from the existence of the feature in another market. If the route is absent or the quote is unclear, use a normal repayment or supply additional eligible collateral instead.
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Liquidation is not triggered by a fixed calendar date. It becomes possible when the live health factor falls below 1. Aave’s FAQ also explains that liquidation amounts depend on the health factor and the size of the position. Those protocol rules are not a reason to wait: price movement and accrued interest can change the calculation while you are deciding or while a transaction is pending.
There is no published universal grace period in the cited Aave guidance. A submitted transaction can fail, remain pending or confirm after market conditions have changed. If your position is already below 1, treat it as immediately exposed rather than expecting time to arrange a remedy.
Repayment lowers the borrow value directly. Supplying collateral raises the collateral value only when the asset is eligible and enabled. Neither action freezes prices, interest accrual or governance-set risk parameters after the transaction confirms.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What to do when the interface does not behave as expected
The asset is not offered as collateral
Do not assume that every supplied or wallet-held token qualifies. Check the market and asset’s collateral status in the dashboard. If it is not eligible, use another asset that the interface identifies as eligible or repay debt instead. The available assets and parameters can differ between markets.
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The repayment amount changed
Borrow interest accrues and the interface recalculates the amount. Refresh the position and use the current full-repayment figure rather than copying an earlier value. Leave a small amount of fee asset available for the transaction; do not submit a stale amount simply because it was previously sufficient.
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The wallet asks for two transactions
An ERC-20 repayment commonly requires an approval followed by the repayment. Confirm the approval first, wait for its network confirmation, then submit the repayment. Review the token and spender details in the wallet before signing either transaction.
The transaction is pending while the health factor moves
A pending transaction has not changed the on-chain position. Watch the live health factor and transaction status, and do not describe the position as protected until the transaction is confirmed and the dashboard reflects it. Because Aave does not establish a grace period, a pending transaction is not a guarantee against liquidation.
Collateral cannot be withdrawn after repayment
Aave’s Withdraw Tokens guidance notes that supplied assets backing an active borrow may require partial repayment or additional collateral before withdrawal. After a full repayment is confirmed, verify that the debt is actually zero and that the collateral is no longer securing another borrow before attempting to withdraw it.
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Compare the quoted debt reduction with the collateral consumed and all displayed fees. A more complicated route is not automatically better than acquiring the debt token and using a direct repayment. If the interface does not show enough execution detail to evaluate the route, do not sign it.
Practical decision examples
You hold the borrowed token
Use the direct repayment flow. Choose a partial amount if you need to keep the position open, or select full repayment if your goal is to release the collateral after confirmation. The debt reduction is easier to measure because the action targets the liability itself.
You hold only an eligible collateral asset
Supply that asset and enable its collateral setting if the market permits it. This can raise the health factor without changing the borrowed token balance. Check the projected result and remember that the asset’s own price can fall after the deposit.
You hold supplied collateral and the interface offers repayment with collateral
Review the conversion quote, fees and remaining collateral before signing. Use the route only if the market supports it and the displayed outcome meets your objective. The existence of the control does not make it available on every Aave market.
You are already below 1
Act immediately with whatever supported action can be confirmed fastest, while recognizing that no transaction is guaranteed to settle before liquidation. Recheck the live position rather than relying on a target copied from another asset or market.
Verify the position after any confirmed transaction
- Open the same Aave market and confirm the transaction is finalized, not merely submitted.
- Check the borrow balance and the asset symbol. For a partial repayment, confirm that the debt fell by the expected amount; for a full repayment, verify that no debt remains.
- Check the supplied collateral balance and whether the intended asset is marked as collateral.
- Read the new health factor and compare it with the live collateral and debt values, not an earlier estimate.
- For a full repayment, confirm that the collateral is available for withdrawal or another use before attempting a withdrawal.
- Continue monitoring the position if any borrow remains. Interest accrual and market prices can change the health factor after the transaction.
The essential distinction is simple: repayment reduces debt, while additional collateral helps only when it is supplied, eligible and enabled. Use the live Aave dashboard to confirm every step, because the protocol’s liquidation status follows the changing on-chain position rather than the action you intended to take.
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