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How to Read an AGENTS.md File Before Changing a Repository

Trace the target file’s path, read applicable AGENTS.md instructions from root to leaf, check Codex overrides, and settle conflicts before editing.
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Before editing a repository, trace the target file’s path from the repository root and read the applicable instruction files from the broadest directory down to the target. Check for a same-directory AGENTS.override.md, note any nested guidance, and resolve conflicts before you change code. That gives you the rules for setup, tests, style, and security that actually apply to the file.

What AGENTS.md is—and what it is not

AGENTS.md gives coding agents project-specific context and working instructions. It complements a README rather than replacing it: the README may explain the project to people, while AGENTS.md can spell out how an agent should work in that repository.

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There is no required schema or set of headings. The AGENTS.md project describes it plainly: “AGENTS.md is just standard Markdown. Use any headings you like; the agent simply parses the text you provide.” Read the actual file rather than assuming it follows a template. (AGENTS.md project)

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Find the instruction chain for the file you will change

  1. Identify the target. Find the file you intend to edit and establish its path relative to the repository root.
  2. Walk the path from root to target. Read applicable instructions at the root, then in each relevant nested directory on the way to the target. A file’s scope follows the directory tree rooted where that instruction file sits, so a root-level file can apply throughout the repository while a nested one applies within its subtree. (Codex default instructions; OpenAI instructions for AGENTS.md)
  3. Check which file is selected in each directory. For Codex, AGENTS.override.md is checked before AGENTS.md; Codex selects at most one instruction file per directory before considering configured fallback names. If a project uses a nonstandard filename, Codex’s configured fallback names determine whether it is recognized. Do not assume the ordinary AGENTS.md is active when a same-directory override exists. (OpenAI instructions for AGENTS.md)
  4. Read the selected files in order. For Codex, the applicable instructions are assembled from repository root toward the current working directory. The current documentation says Codex builds this chain at startup and stops adding files if the configured size limit is reached; the documented default is 32 KiB. These details can change with releases or local settings, so check the current documentation and configuration when exact behavior matters. (OpenAI instructions for AGENTS.md)

Extract the rules that matter to your change

Read for instructions that affect the work you are about to do, rather than treating the file as background reading. Useful topics commonly include:

  • Project purpose and architecture relevant to the target.
  • Environment setup and build commands.
  • Test commands and expectations for adding or changing tests.
  • Formatting, naming, and code-style conventions.
  • Security requirements and other team-specific constraints.

The AGENTS.md project recommends these kinds of practical guidance. Record the exact commands and any conditions attached to them; a generic “run tests” instruction may not tell you which suite or environment is expected. (AGENTS.md project)

Resolve conflicts before editing

Apply the instruction hierarchy rather than choosing whichever rule seems more convenient. Within Codex’s repository guidance, later, more-specific instructions can refine broader instructions, and the closest applicable instruction file governs the target. A same-directory override is selected ahead of the ordinary AGENTS.md. Explicit user instructions take precedence over repository AGENTS.md guidance in Codex. (Codex default instructions; AGENTS.md project; OpenAI instructions for AGENTS.md)

If two repository files seem inconsistent, check whether the narrower one is intentionally specializing the broader rule. If a conflict remains unclear, do not silently ignore it: ask the project owner or explain the ambiguity before proceeding. Keep the distinction clear between repository guidance and a direct instruction from the person requesting the change.

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Remember that discovery rules depend on the agent

The Markdown format is shared, but the way an agent discovers and combines instruction files is tool-specific. The scope, override, fallback, startup, and size-limit details above describe Codex behavior; another coding agent may implement different discovery rules. For Codex, consult its current documentation and the project’s configuration if an edge case matters. For another agent, check that tool’s own documentation instead of assuming Codex’s rules apply. (OpenAI instructions for AGENTS.md; AGENTS.md project)

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