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How to Publish and Update a Flatpak App in a Repository

A practical guide to building a Flatpak app, choosing Flathub or self-hosting, making a repository installable, and publishing updates.
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To publish a Flatpak app with ongoing updates, build it with flatpak-builder, export it to a repository, and make that repository available through Flathub or your own hosting. Users can then receive new releases through the repository they have configured; command-line users run flatpak update, while software centers can check for and install updates.

Choose where to publish your Flatpak app

Flatpak supports three broad distribution routes: publish through Flathub, host a repository yourself, or distribute a single-file bundle. A repository is the usual choice when you plan to release updates. Flathub is a convenient centralized option for many applications; self-hosting gives you control over the hosting and release workflow but makes repository operations your responsibility. A bundle can work for a direct download or an offline handoff, but it does not provide the same repository-based update experience. See the Flatpak publishing overview and documentation on single-file bundles.

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Route Best fit Updates and responsibilities
Flathub Developers seeking a centralized app store and an existing Flatpak audience. Flathub handles the hosting route, but its submission and build requirements still apply. Publishing is not simply a matter of copying files into a repository.
Self-hosted repository Developers who need control over hosting and release workflow. Users can receive repository updates, but you must maintain the exported repository, current metadata, signing information, and hosting configuration.
Single-file bundle Direct downloads, removable media, or other one-off transfers. Useful for handing someone a file, but it is not equivalent to a hosted repository for ongoing updates.

For users who already install apps from Flathub, its remote will typically already be configured. The Flatpak documentation describes Flathub as the convenient and effective option for many applications, while app stores may impose their own submission and build requirements. Read the publishing guidance before choosing a route.

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How do I publish a Flatpak app?

1. Set up the manifest

Choose the application ID and branch, and specify a runtime and its matching SDK in your manifest. A Flatpak app is built against a runtime; the corresponding SDK supplies development tools and headers. The manifest also describes the app’s modules and the sources those modules use. The Flatpak build introduction explains the build model.

2. Build and export the app

Run flatpak-builder with a build directory and your manifest:

flatpak-builder <build-dir> <manifest>

The builder reads the manifest, downloads and verifies module sources, builds and installs the modules, applies the app’s sandbox configuration, and exports the result to a repository. A web directory alone is not a published app: you need a successful build and export, and the repository metadata and signing information must be handled correctly.

3. Publish to Flathub or prepare your own repository

For Flathub, follow its current app submission and build requirements. For self-hosting, serve the generated repository from a web server and make its location and signing information available to users. The Flatpak documentation describes a route using GitLab or GitHub Pages; provider limits and configuration can change, so check the chosen provider’s current terms and setup separately. See Flatpak’s repository-hosting guidance.

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How to make a self-hosted repository installable

Users need repository details and a way to verify the repository’s signing key. Flatpak provides two distribution files that can make setup easier:

  • .flatpakref describes an app ID, branch, repository URL, and runtime-repository information. It can let a user install an app without first adding the remote; installation may add the repository automatically or ask the user to add it. The file should include the base64-encoded GPG key used to sign the repository.
  • .flatpakrepo provides repository details and signing-key information so a user can add the remote.

Keep these files aligned with the repository you actually serve. The repositories documentation covers remotes and repository distribution, and the hosting guide describes the hosting workflow.

Hosting choices that affect downloads

Flatpak’s archive-z2 repositories store a file per application file, which can mean many HTTP requests. The hosting guide says to enable HTTP keep-alive on the web server. Static deltas can package data between revisions to speed downloads, but they require additional server storage; generate them with:

flatpak build-update-repo --generate-static-deltas <repository>

Keep-alive and static deltas are hosting and performance considerations, not prerequisites for every small repository. Actual performance depends on the hosting setup.

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How do I update a Flatpak app?

For each release, add the new application version to the repository and ensure its metadata is current. Once the new version is in a repository a user has configured, it becomes available through that remote. A software center can check for and install updates; a command-line user checks and installs them with:

flatpak update

That command is the user’s update step; publishing the release does not mean every desktop immediately installs it. Flatpak repositories are versioned, and update downloads can transfer changed parts between versions. The basic concepts documentation explains how users update, while the repositories documentation describes repositories as the primary publishing mechanism for installable apps.

When a bundle is the better fit

Use a single-file bundle when the recipient needs a direct file—for example, for an offline transfer, removable media, or an attachment. It is a distribution option, not a substitute for a repository if users need a continuing stream of releases. Consult the documentation on single-file bundles for that route.

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