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A practical starting layout
For a new project where frontend and backend changes are often coordinated, try this structure:
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project/
web/
package.json
next.config.ts
src/
app/
layout.tsx
page.tsx
components/
features/
backend/
go.mod
cmd/
api/
main.go
internal/
config/
handler/
service/
store/
README.md
.gitignoreThis example uses Next.js App Router, an optional src/ directory, and one Go module rooted at backend/. The directory names under internal/ illustrate possible responsibilities; they are not required packages. Start with only the packages your code needs, and split code when a directory forms a coherent unit or creates a useful implementation boundary.
If the repository exists only for this product, the Next.js app can instead live at the repository root while the Go service remains in backend/. Choose the version that makes the project easiest for your team to navigate.
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Put Next.js files where their conventions are clear
The route directory depends on the router in use: app/ is for the App Router, and pages/ is for the Pages Router. Do not mix their special-file conventions as though they were interchangeable. Next.js also reserves public/ for static assets; src/ is optional. If you use src/, configuration files and package metadata remain at the app root.
Choose where shared code belongs
Next.js does not mandate one organization for ordinary application files. Its documentation describes keeping shared code outside the route directory, placing shared folders inside it, or colocating code with routes and features. Choose based on how the code is used:
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- Keep broadly reused components or utilities in a shared location when multiple routes depend on them.
- Colocate code that is specific to a route or feature so it is easier to find and change with that part of the application.
- Use one convention consistently; avoid moving files merely to make the tree look more symmetrical.
See the official Next.js project structure guidance and project organization and colocation guidance.
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Give the Go backend a clear module and entry point
A Go package corresponds to a directory. A module groups related packages, and its go.mod file defines the module root and module path. Package import paths build on that module path and the package’s subdirectory. In this example, backend/go.mod makes backend/ the module root.
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For a server, cmd/api/main.go is a conventional place for the executable entry point. Go’s organization guidance describes cmd/ as a useful way to collect commands in a server repository, and recommends internal/ for implementation packages that should not be imported by code outside the module’s allowed internal boundary. Neither directory is mandatory for every Go project.
Keep packages focused on meaningful responsibilities rather than creating empty folders in advance. The official Go project organization guidance discusses layouts for different project types; the Go modules documentation explains modules, package paths, and go.mod.
Decide whether to use a monorepo or separate repositories
A monorepo keeps the frontend and backend in one version-control repository. It can make coordinated changes and the product boundary visible, but it does not require the applications to share a deployment or build pipeline. Separate repositories can fit teams with distinct ownership, release schedules, or operational boundaries. The reviewed framework and language guidance does not prescribe a universal choice; base it on how the team works and ships software.
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With the example above, the Go module root is backend/; the Next.js application is not part of that Go module. For a typical backend, one module is the simpler default. Multiple Go modules in a repository are possible, but each has its own go.mod and module root. Consider them when parts of the Go code need independent versioning, not simply to make the directory tree resemble the frontend. The Go modules guidance covers managing module source.
Quick Recap
Keep configuration and deployment choices deliberate
- Do not commit credentials or environment files containing secrets. Next.js documentation identifies environment files as part of project structure and warns against tracking them.
- Do not assume the Next.js server and Go API must deploy together. Repository layout alone does not determine deployment topology, API protocol, authentication, or how the frontend communicates with the backend.
- Document where each app starts, how its dependencies are installed, and how its build or test commands run. Keep those instructions aligned with the actual scripts and deployment setup.
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