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Which O*NET occupation ID should I use?
Use the O*NET-SOC code as the occupation key and store it as text. The O*NET 31.0 Occupation Data dictionary defines the code as a 10-character field. O*NET says occupation-specific information across its database files is connected through this code. The same file contains 1,016 occupation rows, each with a code, title, and description; 22 other files reference the occupation data. O*NET database release and documentation.
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Do not use the title as a primary key or a deduplication rule. Titles describe occupations and can change; code-level matching lets your importer recognize a record even when its descriptive title is updated. In your occupation table, enforce uniqueness on the code within the release or current-state dataset you are maintaining.
How should I load a new O*NET release without appending duplicates?
O*NET releases are versioned datasets. The archive lists O*NET 31.0 as current and offers downloadable Excel, CSV, JSON, text, SQL, and RDF formats, as well as earlier releases. A repeatable import should make the release explicit and promote a validated snapshot, rather than mixing rows from different versions without provenance. O*NET database releases.
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- Select and record the release. Save its official version string with the import job and the data it produces. Do not silently merge records from differently named releases.
- Read the release dictionary and migration materials. Map files and columns explicitly. Check for renamed files, terminology changes, and any crosswalk or migration reference supplied for that release.
- Load into staging. Parse O*NET-SOC codes as text. Check that occupation codes are unique in the occupation data and that codes referenced by linked domain files exist in that staged occupation table.
- Compare the staged release with the published data. Match records by code, then inspect changed values and records that have disappeared or changed identifiers. Do not infer that a record changed—or stayed the same—just because its title did or did not.
- Publish deliberately. For a current-state table, upsert by O*NET-SOC code and reconcile removals or identifier changes against the complete new snapshot. For historical analysis, retain release-specific snapshots or release-tagged rows so each value remains tied to its source version.
- Record provenance and attribution. Make the release visible to users of your dataset and retain the attribution and modification notes required by the applicable license.
Staging, uniqueness checks, upserts, transactions, and history retention are engineering safeguards, not a database design prescribed by O*NET. Choose the mechanics that fit your database, but ensure a failed import cannot partially replace the last published release.
What changes between releases, and what should I compare?
An O*NET release does not mean every occupation or every data file was refreshed. The August 2026 release notice reports 218 occupations updated in O*NET 31.0. Within that update, 208 O*NET-SOC occupations received job-incumbent and occupational-expert data, while Detailed Work Activities were updated for 205 occupations by occupational analysts. Those counts describe particular update areas, not a guarantee that all domains changed for the same set of occupations. O*NET 31.0 update notice.
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Compare releases by code and by domain or file. O*NET’s Occupation Update Summary reports an average of 843 occupations updated per year from 2017 through 2025, and 891 updated year-to-date through August 2026. It also lists a next update scheduled for November 2026; a scheduled date is not confirmation that a release has been published. O*NET Occupation Update Summary.
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The import contract can evolve along with the occupation content. The May 2026 O*NET 30.3 update modernized the Content Model, changed file names and terminology, and provided migration guidance that includes a transitional crosswalk. Do not assume that a parser written for an earlier release will continue to map every file and field correctly. Review the new release’s dictionary and any migration materials before changing production imports. O*NET database releases and documentation.
Rank #3
Keep file-to-table and column mappings explicit, and make schema validation part of staging. If a required file or field is missing or renamed, stop promotion and resolve the mapping instead of silently dropping data. This is particularly important when converting between downloadable formats or adapting a pipeline to a newly documented schema.
Should I use a bulk download or O*NET Web Services?
Choose based on whether you need a reproducible release snapshot or query access for an application. O*NET’s archive lists multiple download formats for named releases. Its Web Services page says, “The API provides access to the entire O*NET Database,” and describes use for displaying information and occupation-search or career tools; registration is required. O*NET does not rank these options for every workflow. O*NET database downloads; O*NET Web Services.
Rank #4
| Need | Release download | Web Services API |
|---|---|---|
| Reproducible import tied to a named release | Best fit: select and retain a specific archive release. | Assess whether the API’s access pattern meets the requirement; the cited API page describes database access, not a release-snapshot workflow. |
| Application lookup, display, or occupation search | Possible, but requires you to load and serve the data. | Designed for access to O*NET information and search/career tools; registration is required. |
| Format choice | Archive formats include Excel, CSV, JSON, text, SQL, and RDF serializations. | Uses API access rather than a chosen bulk-file serialization. |
| Schema and migration work | Your importer must map and validate files against the release dictionary. | Use the API documentation for its interface; do not assume it removes application-side data or version-management needs. |
| History retention | Retain downloaded release snapshots or version-tagged rows as needed. | The cited API information does not specify a historical-snapshot retention design. |
How should I attribute imported or adapted O*NET data?
The O*NET 31.0 database content is licensed under CC BY 4.0 except where the official license page notes otherwise. When redistributing or adapting database information, credit the O*NET 31.0 Database and the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration as the original source, link to the license, and state where changes were made. Use the exact release you used in the attribution; terms for older versions may differ, so check the license applicable to that version. O*NET license information.
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