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World desk4 min

How to Estimate Your Water and Sewer Bill From Meter Readings

Subtract the previous reading from the current one, then use your utility’s units, current rates, sewer rules, and fees to estimate the bill.
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To estimate a water and sewer bill, subtract the previous meter reading from the current one, convert the difference to the utility’s billing unit, then apply the current water and sewer rates, any usage tiers, and applicable fixed fees. Your utility’s rules determine the final estimate—especially how it rounds readings and calculates sewer volume.

1. Gather the readings and billing dates

For a past billing period, use the start and end readings shown on the bill or in your account. For an estimate between bills, record the meter reading now and again at the end of the period, noting both dates. Make sure both readings are for the same meter. DC Water recommends recording the start and end readings and subtracting the first from the latter in its water meter guidance.

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Also note the number of service days. It matters if rates are tiered by daily use, or if you are comparing a short or long billing cycle with a typical bill.

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2. Calculate water use in the utility’s billing units

Use this basic calculation:

Current meter reading − previous meter reading = usage during the period

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Check the meter and your bill for the unit and for how fractional digits are handled. For example, DC Water bills in whole CCF and its example disregards fractional digits; another utility may use a different unit or rounding convention. One CCF—100 cubic feet—is 748 gallons, according to the City of Portland’s water rate information.

If your meter readings are in CCF but the rate is per gallon, convert the usage before multiplying. Do not round readings yourself unless the utility’s billing method calls for it.

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3. Find the rates for your service address

Use the current official rate schedule or calculator for the utility that serves the property. Verify that the rates apply to your account class, meter size, and billing period; rates can have effective dates and differ between water and sewer service. Do not use a rate from another city as a proxy for your own.

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For each service, determine whether the utility charges a flat rate per unit or uses tiers. With a flat volumetric rate, multiply billed usage by the rate. With tiers, split usage into the applicable blocks and calculate each block separately. If tiers are based on average daily use, first divide usage by the service days, then apply the tariff’s daily thresholds.

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  • Short press the button to change the mode from FLOW / CONSUMPTION / AVERAGE / TOTAL. Flow Mode: real-time water flow rate | Consumption Mode: last-time water usage | Average Mode: daily average water usage of a week (count from next day) | Total Mode: total water usage.
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Worked tier example: WSSC Water

WSSC Water’s bill explainer gives an example of 13,000 gallons over 90 days, or about 144 gallons per day. In that example, the first tier covers 80.9999 gallons per day: 80.9999 × 90 equals 7,290 gallons in tier 1. The remaining 5,710 gallons fall in tier 2. The page calculates a $100.72 water charge using the rates shown in its table; use the current published rates, rather than that example’s rates, for a live estimate. The page was last modified August 6, 2026.

4. Estimate sewer charges using your utility’s rules

Sewer charges often use water consumption as a proxy because many homes do not have a separate sewer meter. But the sewer-billed volume may not equal the current water reading. Check your utility’s stated method before applying a sewer rate.

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  • Portland may use a residential winter average or a class average for sewer volume, rather than current-period water use.
  • Henrico County’s described single-family rule uses the lower of actual use or first-cycle use.
  • WSSC Water says sewer charges use water consumption unless there is a submeter.

These are local rules, not interchangeable examples. Find the one that applies to your account in the utility’s current guidance or tariff.

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5. Add fixed charges and other fees

Usage charges may be only part of the bill. Add any applicable base or service charge, meter-size charge, and local fees for items such as stormwater, drainage, infrastructure, water service replacement, or state and district assessments. Check whether the rate page or calculator includes these amounts.

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DC Water’s meter guidance lists meter, water service replacement, impervious-area, and District fees among charges to consider. Houston Water’s official bill estimator applies to single-family residential accounts with a 5/8-inch meter and rates effective April 1, 2026 through March 31, 2027, but excludes the drainage fee.

6. Assemble the estimate

Use a calculation like this, adapting it to the local tariff:

  • Water: water usage charges, calculated using the applicable flat rate or tiers, plus water service and meter charges.
  • Sewer: sewer-billed volume under local rules, priced at the applicable flat rate or tiers, plus sewer service charges.
  • Other fees: add applicable stormwater, drainage, replacement, infrastructure, or other charges not already included.

For example, Henrico County’s 2026/2027 rate page shows a two-month example using 20 CCF: water is 20 × $4.82 plus a $20.95 service charge, or $117.35; sewer is 20 × $5.10 plus a $42.30 service charge, or $144.30. The example total is $261.65 for that county and period only, not a general household estimate.

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7. Compare your estimate with the bill

If the amount differs from the eventual bill, compare the underlying inputs before assuming the arithmetic is wrong:

  • Are the start and end dates and service days the same?
  • Are both readings for the correct meter, and are the units consistent?
  • Does the utility round or disregard fractional digits?
  • Did a different read type, rate effective date, customer class, or meter size apply?
  • Was usage split correctly across tiers?
  • Did you use the utility’s sewer-volume rule and include all applicable fixed charges and fees?
  • Does the utility calculator exclude a charge, as Houston’s estimator does for drainage?

A small change in usage or service days can shift some consumption into a higher tier. For account-specific rules, check the bill explainer or contact the utility.

Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.

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