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The fairest way to compare UltraTech Cement with ACC or another cement company is to build a quarter-by-quarter scorecard, not to rank companies by revenue alone. Use the same consolidation basis and quarter, then compare year-on-year and sequential changes in cement volume, EBITDA per tonne, operating margin, capacity utilisation, costs, leverage and capacity additions. Per-tonne profitability and utilisation usually reveal more about operating quality than absolute sales because cement companies differ greatly in scale.
Start with a like-for-like quarterly scorecard
Quarterly comparisons become misleading when one company reports consolidated figures and another reports standalone figures, or when an acquisition is included for only part of the period. Before entering numbers, record the reporting entity, consolidation basis, quarter end, currency, units and whether the company has restated earlier periods.
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For every company, capture both the change from the same quarter a year earlier and the change from the immediately preceding quarter. Year-on-year comparisons reduce seasonality; sequential comparisons show the latest change in pricing, costs, demand and operating conditions. Mark each number as reported or normalized, and explain any difference.
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| Area | Quarterly measures | What it helps answer |
|---|---|---|
| Growth | Consolidated revenue, revenue growth, cement sales volume and volume growth | Is demand, pricing or product mix improving? |
| Profitability | EBITDA or PBIDT, EBITDA/PBIDT per tonne and operating margin | How much profit is earned from each tonne and from each rupee of sales? |
| Utilisation | Capacity utilisation and available capacity | How effectively is the installed network being used? |
| Costs | Power and fuel, freight, alternative-fuel use and green-power share | Is the margin supported by a durable cost position? |
| Balance sheet | Net debt/EBITDA, capital expenditure and operating cash generation | Can expansion be funded without excessive financial risk? |
| Portfolio | Trade versus non-trade sales, premium products, regional exposure and acquisitions | Are mix and geography helping or obscuring the headline result? |
Keep a source note beside every cell. If a company does not disclose a comparable figure, write “not stated” rather than estimating it from a different definition.
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What UltraTech’s latest quarters show
Q4 FY26: quarter ended 31 March 2026
UltraTech Cement’s official Q4 FY26 release reported consolidated net sales of ₹25,467 crore, compared with ₹22,788 crore in Q4 FY25. PBIDT was ₹5,688 crore versus ₹4,721 crore, and normalized profit after tax was ₹3,011 crore versus ₹2,484 crore. The company reported operating PBIDT per tonne of ₹1,253 and an operating margin of 22%.
India grey-cement sales volume was 42.41 million tonnes, with capacity utilisation of 89%. The volume and utilisation figures are particularly useful when testing whether higher profit came from selling more cement, earning more per tonne, or both. The release’s volume measure is identified as India grey cement, so do not silently compare it with a peer’s differently defined consolidated volume.
Q3 FY26: quarter ended 31 December 2025
UltraTech reported consolidated net sales of ₹21,506 crore, PBIDT of ₹4,051 crore and normalized PAT of ₹1,792 crore in Q3 FY26. Overall utilisation was 77%, and operating EBITDA per tonne was ₹1,051 excluding India Cements.
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On a simple arithmetic basis, Q4 sales were about 18.4% higher than Q3 and PBIDT about 40.4% higher. Those sequential percentages are directional, not a pure operating comparison: the Q3 release says the results were restated after the Kesoram scheme, and some year-on-year comparisons exclude India Cements and Kesoram because they were not part of UltraTech for the full prior period. The Q3 per-tonne figure also excludes India Cements, while the Q4 figure must be checked against the exact scope stated in the Q4 release before calculating a trend.
Scale and leverage context for FY26
UltraTech’s FY26 India grey-cement volume was 145.0 million tonnes. After additions made in April 2026, domestic grey-cement capacity was 200.1 MTPA; global capacity including international operations was 205.5 MTPA. Net debt/EBITDA was 0.94x at 31 March 2026.
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These figures establish scale and financial capacity, not automatic superiority. A very large network can have a lower cost in some regions while also carrying newly commissioned capacity that temporarily depresses utilisation. Always pair scale with EBITDA per tonne, utilisation and cash generation.
ACC provides a directly comparable peer example
ACC Q4 FY26
ACC reported Q4 FY26 cement volume of 11.9 million tonnes, revenue of ₹7,146 crore, operating EBITDA of ₹627 crore, EBITDA per tonne of ₹525, operating margin of 8.8% and capacity utilisation of about 80%.
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|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue or net sales | ₹25,467 crore consolidated net sales | ₹7,146 crore revenue | Confirm that both figures use the same consolidation and revenue definition. |
| Cement volume | 42.41 million tonnes India grey-cement sales volume | 11.9 million tonnes cement volume | Geographic and product scope may differ. |
| EBITDA/PBIDT | ₹5,688 crore PBIDT | ₹627 crore operating EBITDA | PBIDT and operating EBITDA are not interchangeable without checking company definitions. |
| Per-tonne profitability | ₹1,253 operating PBIDT per tonne | ₹525 EBITDA per tonne | Use the same scope and accounting definition before ranking. |
| Operating margin | 22% | 8.8% | Margins can reflect mix, geography, fuel, freight and exceptional items. |
| Capacity utilisation | 89% | About 80% | Interpret alongside commissioning and maintenance downtime. |
On the reported numbers, UltraTech shows higher per-tonne profitability, margin and utilisation. That is a useful starting observation, not a complete investment conclusion: the companies may have different consolidation scopes, product mixes, regional exposure and definitions of operating earnings.
ACC FY26 context
For FY26, ACC reported 43.9 million tonnes of volume, ₹25,962 crore of revenue, ₹2,950 crore of operating EBITDA and ₹672 EBITDA per tonne. Annual figures help identify whether a quarter is representative, but they should not replace the quarter-by-quarter series. A strong annual number can conceal a deteriorating latest quarter, while a weak year can include a recent recovery.
ACC Whole-Time Director and CEO Vinod Bahety described the performance as being supported by brand penetration and disciplined execution amid global volatility and energy-cost pressures. Management commentary is useful context, but test it against the actual trend in fuel cost, freight, utilisation and per-tonne EBITDA.
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How to calculate and interpret the most important metrics
Revenue and volume growth
Calculate year-on-year revenue growth as (current-quarter revenue ÷ year-ago-quarter revenue) − 1. Calculate volume growth the same way. Then compare the two: revenue growing faster than volume can indicate better pricing or mix; volume growing faster than revenue can indicate price cuts, weaker mix or a change in geographic composition.
Also calculate sequential growth against the preceding quarter. Explain seasonality, monsoon effects, holidays, maintenance shutdowns and regional demand before treating a sequential move as a structural trend.
EBITDA or PBIDT per tonne
Per-tonne earnings are usually the clearest cross-company profitability measure because they remove much of the scale distortion. Use the company’s disclosed operating EBITDA/PBIDT per tonne where possible. If you calculate it yourself, divide the correctly scoped operating earnings by the matching cement volume and state whether the denominator includes clinker, ready-mix concrete, international operations or acquired businesses.
A high figure can result from premium products, favourable regional pricing or a temporary cost benefit. Check at least three to four quarters, together with energy, freight and mix disclosures, before calling it a durable advantage.
Operating margin
Operating margin is operating EBITDA or PBIDT divided by the relevant revenue base. It shows how much of each rupee of sales remains after operating costs, but it is sensitive to revenue definitions and non-cement businesses. Use the company’s stated operating margin and reconcile any difference between that denominator and consolidated revenue.
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Capacity utilisation
Utilisation indicates how much installed capacity is being used. A high rate can support fixed-cost absorption, but it may also precede a need for additional capacity. A low rate is not automatically negative when a plant has just been commissioned, is undergoing maintenance or serves a temporarily weak region.
Read utilisation with volume, pricing and per-tonne EBITDA. High utilisation with weak per-tonne earnings can signal aggressive pricing or cost pressure. Strong per-tonne earnings with low utilisation may reflect a premium mix or temporary pricing and needs confirmation over subsequent quarters.
Power, fuel, freight and alternative fuel
Cement economics are highly exposed to electricity, thermal fuel and logistics. Track reported power-and-fuel cost per tonne where disclosed, freight cost per tonne, alternative-fuel substitution and waste-heat or renewable-power use. A company with a lower headline margin may be investing in efficiency that improves later quarters, while a margin boosted by a one-off fuel decline may not persist.
Green-power share belongs in the same cost review. Renewable power, waste-heat recovery and alternative fuels can reduce exposure to volatile fossil-fuel prices, but compare the percentage, accounting treatment and period consistently. Do not infer a lower cost solely from a higher green-power share.
Net debt/EBITDA and cash generation
Net debt/EBITDA links borrowing to operating earnings. UltraTech’s 0.94x at 31 March 2026 provides a leverage reference, but it is a point-in-time measure. Pair it with capital expenditure, interest expense, operating cash flow and committed expansion. New plants can raise debt before contributing a full quarter of earnings.
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Adjust for acquisitions, schemes and new capacity
Corporate actions are the most common reason a quarterly comparison looks better than the underlying operation. Create an adjustment log with four entries:
- Scope: list subsidiaries, acquired businesses and discontinued operations included in each quarter.
- Restatement: identify whether the company recast prior periods after a scheme or merger.
- One-offs: separate exceptional gains, restructuring charges, impairment, insurance proceeds and unusual income.
- Capacity timing: note the commissioning date and ramp-up period for each major addition.
UltraTech’s Q3 FY26 release specifically notes restatement after the Kesoram scheme and limitations in year-on-year comparisons involving India Cements and Kesoram. Those qualifications must remain attached to any chart or ratio derived from the release.
Capacity additions create a two-sided effect. They can increase future volume and lower unit costs once mature, but they also increase depreciation, fixed costs and spare capacity during ramp-up. Compare utilisation on the old and expanded base where management provides both; otherwise label the denominator and avoid claiming that a short-term decline proves weaker demand.
Build a quarterly comparison worksheet
A practical spreadsheet can use one row per company and quarter, with separate columns for reported and normalized values. Freeze the definitions before entering numbers.
- Set the period: use the same quarter end, such as 31 March 2026 for Q4 FY26.
- Set the scope: choose consolidated or standalone and apply it to every company in the comparison.
- Enter activity: revenue, cement volume, year-on-year volume growth and sequential volume growth.
- Enter earnings: operating EBITDA/PBIDT, per-tonne earnings and operating margin.
- Enter operations: utilisation, installed capacity, commissioning dates and maintenance events.
- Enter costs: power and fuel, freight, alternative-fuel rate and green-power share when disclosed.
- Enter financing: net debt/EBITDA, capex and operating cash flow.
- Annotate: mark acquisition effects, restatements, exceptional items and definition changes.
- Score only after reconciliation: rank growth, profitability, utilisation, cost resilience and balance-sheet risk separately before forming an overall view.
Use a traffic-light system only as a visual aid. A green result should mean “better on this defined metric for this quarter,” not “better stock.” Keep the underlying number visible so a reader can challenge the interpretation.
Common mistakes that produce false comparisons
- Ranking by revenue: large companies naturally lead; revenue says little about per-tonne economics.
- Mixing reported and normalized profit: an exceptional gain can inflate one company’s apparent margin.
- Ignoring scope: consolidated volume cannot be divided by standalone EBITDA.
- Comparing different quarters: seasonality and fuel prices can overwhelm operating differences.
- Treating utilisation as efficiency: a full plant can still earn weak margins if pricing or costs are poor.
- Ignoring capacity additions: a newly expanded denominator can lower utilisation before demand catches up.
- Using annual data for a quarterly decision: full-year averages hide turning points.
- Assuming management commentary is proof: test claims about execution or cost pressure against disclosed metrics.
How to read the result as an investor
After reconciling the data, ask three separate questions. First, is the company growing profitably? That requires volume growth accompanied by stable or improving per-tonne EBITDA. Second, is the advantage durable? Look for repeatable fuel, freight, mix and green-power benefits rather than a single favourable quarter. Third, can the balance sheet support expansion? Compare leverage and cash generation with the announced capacity pipeline.
For the Q4 FY26 figures shown here, UltraTech’s reported ₹1,253 operating PBIDT per tonne, 22% operating margin and 89% utilisation are stronger headline operating indicators than ACC’s ₹525 EBITDA per tonne, 8.8% margin and approximately 80% utilisation. The comparison still requires definition checks because UltraTech reports PBIDT and India grey-cement volume, while ACC reports operating EBITDA and cement volume. Treat the difference as evidence to investigate, not as a standalone buy or sell signal.
Repeat the worksheet every quarter and replace provisional interpretations when the next exchange filing clarifies restatements, acquisitions or cost definitions. Corporate structures and operating conditions can change quickly, so the latest filing should always control the final comparison.
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