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What do you need the scanner to test?
“Vulnerability scanner” can refer to tools that inspect deployed infrastructure and software packages, tools that probe a live application, or source-based analysis. These approaches observe different evidence, so one product should not be assumed to cover every need.
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- Workload and package scanning looks for known vulnerabilities in supported operating systems, packages, container images, or function dependencies. Cloud workload tools may also identify network exposure.
- Dynamic application security testing (DAST) interacts with a running web application or API from the outside. OWASP describes DAST as black-box testing through the application’s front end, without source-code access.
- Static analysis and dependency analysis examine source code and third-party components rather than relying on behavior observed in a live application. Infrastructure-as-code analysis addresses configuration before or alongside deployment.
DAST can find issues by exercising application routes and inputs, but automated scanning is not a substitute for every form of assessment. OWASP notes that some business-logic flaws, race conditions, and certain zero-day issues may require human review.
What does Amazon Inspector cover?
AWS describes Amazon Inspector as a vulnerability management service that automatically discovers workloads and continually scans them for software vulnerabilities and unintended network exposure. Its documented resource coverage includes EC2 instances, ECR container images, and Lambda functions. The scan types differ in what they inspect; they are not interchangeable.
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| Inspector capability | Documented focus | What to verify for your application |
|---|---|---|
| EC2 scanning | Package vulnerability assessment and network reachability assessment for supported instances. AWS documents agent-based inventory collection through Systems Manager Agent and agentless collection using EBS snapshots. | Supported operating systems and packages, inventory method and permissions, package-scan timing, and whether the reachability view answers your exposure questions. |
| ECR image scanning | Vulnerability assessment of supported container images and their operating-system or language packages. | Whether the image contents, package types, build flow, and image lifecycle match the coverage you require. |
| Lambda standard scanning | Assessment of supported function package dependencies. | Eligible functions, runtime and layer support, encryption configuration, and whether dependency-only coverage meets the requirement. |
| Optional Lambda code scanning | Assessment of custom Lambda code, in addition to the distinct standard dependency-scanning capability. | Whether the feature is enabled and whether its supported languages and findings suit your codebase. |
| Code Security | AWS describes this capability as covering first-party code, third-party dependencies, and infrastructure as code. | Which repositories, languages, IaC formats, and development workflows are in scope for your team. |
These descriptions reflect AWS documentation for Inspector; they do not establish equivalent coverage for every resource or application. AWS says Inspector can publish findings to Security Hub CSPM when Security Hub is activated. Security Hub can also aggregate findings from supported third-party solutions, which can help centralize review but does not make the underlying scanners’ coverage identical.
Does Inspector replace DAST for a web application or API?
No. Inspector’s documented workload and package scans should not be treated as proof that a running application’s routes, authentication flows, inputs, or business behavior have been tested. DAST addresses that separate test surface by communicating with the live application. If web or API behavior is in scope, evaluate a DAST tool or an authorized manual assessment alongside workload scanning.
OWASP maintains a directory of vulnerability scanning tools, including commercial and open-source DAST options, and explicitly does not endorse listed tools. Use such a directory to find candidates, not as evidence that a particular product is best for your AWS architecture.
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Which AWS-specific coverage details should you check?
EC2 collection method and scan timing
AWS documents two EC2 inventory collection approaches: agent-based collection through Systems Manager Agent and agentless collection through EBS snapshots. Network reachability scans occur every 12 hours according to AWS documentation; package-scan cadence depends on the collection method. Confirm the current behavior and prerequisites for the accounts and instances you intend to cover.
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Supported operating systems, languages, and package classes matter. AWS states that Inspector does not scan toolchain vulnerabilities, so do not infer coverage of compilers or build tools from general package-scanning support.
Lambda eligibility, runtime, and encryption
AWS documents standard and code scanning for eligible Lambda functions that are on the $LATEST version and have been invoked or updated within the previous 90 days. The documented standard and code Lambda scans do not support functions using customer-managed keys. Check your runtimes and layers against AWS’s supported list and validate that the functions you care about are eligible; the existence of a Lambda function in an account does not alone establish that it is being scanned.
Vulnerability intelligence and rescans
AWS says Inspector draws on more than 50 data feeds, including vendor security advisories, data feeds, the National Vulnerability Database, and MITRE, and that vulnerability data is updated at least daily. This is AWS’s description of its own service, not an independently audited comparison of feed quality or detection effectiveness across scanners.
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Make a coverage matrix from your actual architecture before arranging demonstrations. For each AWS account and application, list the resource types, operating systems, languages, packages, Lambda runtimes and layers, container images, repositories, APIs, authentication requirements, and IaC formats that matter. Mark each as required, optional, or out of scope, then compare candidates against the same list.
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| Evaluation axis | Questions to answer |
|---|---|
| Resource and runtime coverage | Does it cover the EC2 operating systems and packages, ECR image contents, Lambda runtimes and layers, and code or IaC formats you use? |
| Test surface | Does it assess deployed packages and exposure, running web/API behavior, source code, dependencies, or IaC? Which gaps require a separate tool? |
| Deployment and access | Does collection require an agent, snapshots, credentials, special permissions, or a reachable test environment? Can a DAST scanner authenticate and crawl the application? |
| Cadence and lifecycle | When are scans triggered or repeated? How quickly are relevant resources reassessed as software changes or new vulnerability information becomes available? |
| Findings workflow | Can the team triage, suppress, assign, and route findings through its existing API, event, ticketing, or central security workflow? Who owns remediation? |
| Operational fit | Are the needed regions and account scale supported? What is the deployment effort, CI/CD fit, and practical usefulness of evidence for the team fixing issues? |
AWS documentation describes meaningful differences in Inspector scan methods and eligibility. For capabilities not established by that documentation—such as authenticated DAST behavior, integrations, or product-level triage usability—confirm requirements with the candidate provider rather than assuming them.
How can you validate a shortlist safely?
- Choose an authorized scope. Use a nonproduction application or another test target explicitly approved by its owner. Define what is in scope, including APIs, environments, accounts, and authentication flows.
- Check AWS eligibility before interpreting results. Confirm supported resources, operating systems, languages, packages, Lambda runtimes, function activity, encryption, region, and required permissions against current AWS documentation.
- Test the surfaces you actually need. Run workload scanning against representative EC2 instances, images, and functions; assess live web or API behavior separately if that is a requirement. Include authenticated routes where authorized and relevant.
- Review evidence and triage effort. Determine whether findings identify affected assets and useful remediation context, and measure the effort needed to validate, suppress, assign, and route them.
- Check repeatability and ownership. Re-run the agreed scope, observe how results reach the responsible team, and establish who handles remediation and exceptions.
A useful proof of concept measures fit against your own acceptance criteria; it should not be presented as a universal ranking. The available product coverage documentation and tool directories do not provide a neutral head-to-head benchmark for an unspecified AWS stack.
How to make the decision
Start with Inspector when the immediate requirement is AWS-native discovery and supported vulnerability and exposure scanning for EC2, ECR, or Lambda. Add or evaluate DAST when you need to test a live web application or API, and consider source, dependency, or IaC analysis when those lifecycle stages are part of your requirements. Select coverage by verified fit to your resources, test surfaces, access model, and finding workflow—not by a broad claim that one scanner covers “AWS.”
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