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To check whether you qualify, start with the issuer’s official corporate-action notice and the stock-exchange filing. Write down the record date, ex-dividend date and, where the market uses it, cum-dividend date. Then compare those dates with your broker or demat statement to confirm that your holding was recorded at the required cutoff.
For a bonus issue, also verify the announced ratio and follow the issuer, exchange and depository notices for allotment, credit and trading dates. An announcement date by itself does not prove eligibility.
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The five-minute eligibility check
- Find the primary notice. Open the company’s investor-relations page and the stock exchange filing. For listed entities in India, SEBI LODR Regulation 42 requires the company to intimate the exchanges of record dates for dividend declarations and bonus issues, including the purpose of the date. Read the filing at SEBI LODR Regulation 42.
- Copy every relevant date. Record the record date, ex-date, cum-dividend date if shown, payment date for a dividend, and allotment and trading dates for a bonus issue.
- Apply the exchange’s trading convention. The last eligible purchase is determined by the market’s ex-date and settlement rules, not simply by the day the board made its announcement.
- Check your own records. Review the broker contract note, holdings statement, demat statement and corporate-action ledger. Your account records are the practical evidence of whether the shares were credited to you at the cutoff.
- Check the result. Look for the dividend payment or bonus-share credit, then confirm when bonus shares become tradable. If something is missing, contact the registrar named in the issuer’s notice and provide your account statement.
What each date means
| Date or term | What it tells you | How to use it |
|---|---|---|
| Record date | The company’s cutoff for identifying shareholders entitled to the corporate action. | Check whether your holding is shown in the relevant broker or demat records for this date. |
| Cum-dividend date | In markets that use the term, the last date on which a purchase can qualify for the forthcoming dividend. | Use the exchange notice rather than assuming the same number of days in every market. |
| Ex-dividend date | The date from which a buyer is not entitled to the next dividend under the applicable convention; the share price adjusts for the dividend. | If you buy on the ex-date or later, you generally do not receive that next payment. Investor.gov states: “If you purchase a stock on its ex-dividend date or after, you will not receive the next dividend payment.” See Investor.gov’s ex-dividend explanation. |
| Payment date | When an approved dividend is scheduled to be paid. | Compare the date with your bank or broker cash ledger. In SEBI investor material, payment is to be completed within 30 days of approval. |
| Bonus allotment date | When the additional shares are formally allotted. | Allotment and credit are separate checks; do not assume that an entitlement immediately means a tradable balance. |
| Bonus trading date | When the new bonus shares are intended to be available for exchange trading. | Wait for the exchange and issuer confirmation before placing a sell order. |
SEBI’s investor presentation explains the relationship between cum-dividend and ex-dividend dates and corporate-action processing. It is available at SEBI’s Corporate Action investor presentation. Date terminology and settlement timing can differ by country, exchange and security type, so the security’s own filing controls.
Step 1: Locate the authoritative announcement
Start with the issuer
Use the company’s investor-relations section, normally under headings such as “Corporate announcements,” “Stock exchange disclosures” or “Investor information.” Open the full filing, not only a calendar entry or a news headline. The document should identify the action, the record date and, for a dividend, the amount or rate and approval status. For a bonus, it should state the ratio and the conditions attached to the issue.
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Confirm the exchange filing
Search the exchange’s corporate-action or issuer-announcement page for the same security. The exchange filing is important because it shows the accepted record date and any later revision. If the company page and an unofficial calendar disagree, use the issuer and exchange documents and check whether one notice superseded another.
Capture the purpose of the date
A record date can be announced for more than one action. Confirm whether the filing says dividend, bonus issue, split, rights issue or another purpose. A date copied from a different corporate action cannot establish dividend or bonus eligibility.
Step 2: Work out whether your purchase was in time
Use the cum-date and ex-date together
The cum-dividend date, where used, is the final purchase date for dividend eligibility. The ex-dividend date is when the share trades without entitlement to the next dividend under that market’s convention. Because settlement cycles and exchange calendars vary, do not calculate the date from memory. Use the ex-date published for that security and market.
Buying on the ex-date
Investor.gov’s rule is straightforward for the securities covered by its guidance: a purchase made on the ex-dividend date or afterward does not receive the next dividend. Other markets may publish dates using different conventions, so apply the exchange’s notice to the transaction. A trade entered before midnight is not enough if the transaction did not settle or otherwise meet the market’s eligibility rule.
Selling around the cutoff
Check the exchange and broker guidance before selling near the record or ex-date. The relevant question is whether the investor is treated as the holder under the applicable settlement process, not simply whether an order was placed. Keep the contract note and settlement confirmation if the timing is close.
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Step 3: Verify the holding in your account
For a demat holding
Open the holdings statement for the record-date period and identify the security identifier, quantity and account holder name. Then open the broker’s corporate-action ledger or transaction report. The statement should show the position that was eligible for the action, while the ledger can later show a dividend credit or bonus allotment.
For a paper or registered holding
If the shares are not held electronically, follow the issuer’s instructions for registered holders and bank details. The company’s notice normally names the registrar or transfer agent responsible for record maintenance. Use that contact rather than an unverified number from a search result.
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Check quantity and account details
Eligibility normally applies to the shares recorded at the cutoff, so compare the quantity in the notice with your statement. A change of broker, demat-account freeze, incorrect bank information or an unsettled transfer can delay payment or credit even when the underlying entitlement exists.
A practical broker explanation of record-date and ex-date processing is available at this corporate-action guide. Treat it as an operational explanation and use the issuer and exchange filing as the controlling source for your security.
How dividend eligibility and payment work
Approval is not the same as payment
A dividend announcement may contain an approval date, a record date and a payment date. The approval establishes the declared distribution; the record date identifies the eligible holders; the payment date indicates when money should be sent. Keep these events separate when checking your account.
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Check the 30-day payment requirement
SEBI’s investor presentation says dividend payment is to be completed within 30 days of approval. The 30-day figure is a maximum period stated in that presentation, not a promise that every payment arrives on the same day. Bank processing, rejected account details and investor-record issues can affect when the credit appears.
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- Compare the declared amount and record date with your holdings statement.
- Check the cash ledger and bank account for a separate corporate-action credit.
- Read the issuer’s notice for the registrar’s name and investor-service contact.
- Send the registrar the folio or demat details, account statement and payment information requested in the notice.
- Ask your broker to investigate only after confirming that the issuer’s records show you as entitled; the broker may not control the final payment.
How bonus-issue eligibility works
Understand the ratio
A bonus issue gives additional fully paid shares in an announced ratio to shareholders entitled on the record date. A ratio of 1:1, for example, would mean one additional share for each qualifying share; use the actual ratio in the company’s filing rather than an example. SEBI’s ICDR material describes bonus shares as an issue by capitalization of eligible profits or reserves and states that bonus shares cannot be issued in lieu of a dividend. The governing material is available at SEBI’s ICDR regulations.
Calculate the expected entitlement
Multiply the number of shares recorded as eligible on the record date by the announced ratio. Check the filing for treatment of fractional entitlements, partly paid securities or other conditions; do not round a result unless the notice explains how rounding works.
Separate entitlement, allotment, credit and trading
Four events can occur at different times: you qualify at the record-date cutoff, the issuer allots the bonus shares, the depository credits them to your account, and the exchange admits them for trading. A holdings screen that still shows only the original quantity immediately after the record date does not by itself disprove eligibility.
Bonus-share timing under SEBI’s T+2 procedure
For the procedure described in SEBI’s circular of 16 September 2024, T is the record date. The deemed allotment date is the next working day, T+1, and the shares are intended to be available for trading on the next working day after allotment, T+2, once the issuer, exchange and depository complete the required steps. Read the circular at SEBI’s T+2 bonus-share trading circular.
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| Stage | Working-day sequence | What you should verify |
|---|---|---|
| Record date | T | Your eligible quantity appears in the issuer, depository or broker records. |
| Deemed allotment | T+1 | The issuer and depository have processed the allotment and any required corporate-action instructions. |
| Intended trading availability | T+2 | The exchange notice confirms that the bonus ISIN or credited shares can be traded. |
T+1 and T+2 are working-day steps, so weekends and exchange holidays do not count. The sequence also depends on completion of the required issuer, exchange and depository actions. Use the latest exchange notice if the dates change.
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- The complete issuer announcement showing the action, ratio or dividend amount and record date.
- The exchange filing or accepted corporate-action notice.
- Your trade confirmation and settlement date for purchases near the cutoff.
- The demat or broker holdings statement covering the record date.
- The corporate-action ledger showing payment or allotment entries.
- Bank-credit evidence for a dividend or the depository credit statement for bonus shares.
- Any revised notice that changes the record, payment, allotment or trading date.
Keep the documents together until the cash payment or shares are visible and, for a bonus issue, until the exchange confirms trading. Screenshots of a third-party calendar are useful as reminders but do not replace the original filing.
Common failure points and fixes
The announcement date was mistaken for the record date
Fix the error by returning to the filing and locating the sentence that specifies the record date and purpose. The board-meeting date only tells you when the decision was announced.
The calendar shows a different ex-date
Check the market, exchange, security type and whether the calendar has incorporated a revised filing. Use the accepted exchange notice for the final decision.
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Check whether the statement covers the record date, whether the bank details are valid and whether the 30-day period from approval has elapsed. Then contact the registrar identified in the issuer’s notice with your evidence.
Bonus shares are credited but cannot be sold
Look for the exchange’s trading-admission notice and confirm that the new shares are in the correct tradable security line. Credit and trading admission are separate events; wait for the confirmed trading date.
The broker’s quantity differs from your calculation
Re-read the ratio and the record-date quantity, then check any fractional-entitlement or rounding rule in the filing. Ask the registrar to reconcile the issuer’s entitlement record if the arithmetic still does not match.
Choosing a calendar or alert service
A calendar can help you notice upcoming actions, but it should be a discovery and reminder tool rather than proof of eligibility. Compare services on these criteria:
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|---|---|
| Authority | A direct link to the issuer filing, exchange notice or regulator document. |
| Date coverage | Record, ex, cum, payment, allotment and trading dates, with revisions. |
| Market coverage | The specific exchange, country and security type you trade. |
| Alert timing | Enough notice to review settlement and account records before the cutoff. |
| Filing visibility | The original document or a clear path to it, rather than an unexplained date. |
When a service lacks the original filing, open the issuer or exchange document before acting. Date feeds can lag a revised notice or apply the wrong market convention.
Tax and jurisdiction checks
Dividend and bonus-share tax treatment depends on your country, investor status, account type, holding period and the security’s rules. Eligibility does not determine the tax result. Check the tax authority’s current guidance or obtain professional advice for your jurisdiction, especially when withholding tax, non-resident status or a cross-border account is involved.
Quick Recap
A reusable checklist
- Identify the exact security, exchange and corporate action.
- Open the issuer’s investor notice and matching exchange filing.
- Write down the record, ex, cum, payment, allotment and trading dates that apply.
- Confirm the market’s settlement convention for purchases and sales near the cutoff.
- Compare your settled holding with the record date in the broker or demat statement.
- For a dividend, wait for the payment and check the cash ledger.
- For a bonus, calculate the ratio, then monitor allotment, depository credit and exchange trading admission separately.
- If a result is missing, contact the registrar named in the filing with your statements and trade evidence.
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