To check whether your VPN connection uses post-quantum protection, look for evidence from the active connection—not just a VPN status badge or a protocol name. For WireGuard, check whether a pre-shared key (PSK) is configured, then confirm with your provider how it is generated or exchanged. For OpenVPN Access Server, inspect the connected session’s logs for a negotiated key-agreement value such as X25519MLKEM768. The exact check depends on the VPN protocol, app and access you have.
What counts as evidence of post-quantum protection?
The clearest evidence is a documented indicator for the current connection: an explicit negotiated key-agreement value in a session log, or a provider-specific app status whose meaning the provider explains. A setting that merely permits a post-quantum algorithm is weaker evidence: it does not show that the active session actually negotiated it.
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Post-quantum protection in this context concerns how the VPN tunnel establishes keys. It does not prove that traffic is protected by post-quantum cryptography after it leaves the VPN server. And terms such as “VPN,” “WireGuard,” or “AES-256” alone do not establish that a connection used post-quantum key establishment.
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Inspect the active interface for a PSK
WireGuard supports an optional pre-shared key mixed into its public-key cryptography as an additional symmetric-key layer. The protocol uses an all-zero 32-byte value when no custom PSK is set. A configured PSK is therefore a useful first check, but its presence alone does not prove that it was generated using a post-quantum key-encapsulation mechanism (KEM).
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On a system with WireGuard tools, an administrator can inspect active interface state with wg. IVPN’s self-audit guide says a defined key appears as preshared key: (hidden). To inspect an interface configuration, use wg showconf INTERFACE_NAME; a PresharedKey line indicates that the field is configured. Replace INTERFACE_NAME with the actual interface name, and run commands with the privileges required on your system.
Do not copy, publish or share the PSK itself. For the inspection steps and interpretation, see IVPN’s WireGuard configuration self-audit guide.
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Ask how the provider creates the key
A PSK can be configured without being post-quantum-derived. Check the VPN provider’s documentation for an explicit explanation of how the PSK is generated and delivered, including whether a KEM contributes to it. For example, IVPN describes a process in which post-quantum KEMs contribute to its WireGuard PSK; that provider-specific documentation is not evidence about other services. See its quantum-resistance FAQ and guide to generating quantum-resistant WireGuard keys.
Capturing encrypted tunnel traffic in Wireshark is not a substitute for checking local WireGuard state or the provider’s key-generation documentation: the traffic does not reveal whether this PSK mechanism is in use.
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Check an OpenVPN Access Server connection
These instructions apply to OpenVPN Access Server, not every VPN service that uses OpenVPN. In Access Server, check what the connected session negotiated rather than relying only on an allowed-group setting.
Read the connected session’s log
- Connect a compatible client to the Access Server.
- On the server, search
/var/log/openvpnas.logforkey agreement. Alternatively, inspect the client’s control-channel log. - Look for the negotiated value for that session. OpenVPN’s tutorial shows
X25519MLKEM768as an example.
OpenVPN’s Access Server tutorial on enabling post-quantum cryptography says both the server and client must support the selected group. Its documented setup requires OpenSSL 3.5 or newer on the server. The tutorial notes that OpenVPN Connect v3 does not support OpenSSL 3.5 in that setup; Linux OpenVPN 2 clients may need tls-groups "X25519MLKEM768" in the profile. These are product- and version-specific details, so check the current compatibility information before changing a deployment.
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Allow for client compatibility
Restricting a server to a post-quantum group can prevent unsupported clients from connecting. The Access Server tutorial gives a compatibility configuration that allows both X25519MLKEM768 and classical X25519. For FIPS mode, it lists SecP256r1MLKEM768 and SecP384r1MLKEM1024. Make sure client and server group settings agree, and use the active-session log to determine what was actually negotiated.
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Use app indicators only within their provider’s scope
Some VPN apps display a quantum-resistance status or expose relevant key details. Treat these as provider-specific checks: an indicator documents only the service’s implementation and the app version displaying it, not the behavior of unrelated VPNs.
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IVPN
IVPN says quantum-resistant WireGuard connections are enabled by default in its apps. Its FAQ gives these paths: on desktop, Settings → Connection → WireGuard key information; on mobile, Settings → WireGuard → WireGuard details. The same FAQ describes the KEM algorithms used in its desktop and mobile apps and says key rotation can be configured from 1 to 30 days. These are IVPN’s stated app details; check its current documentation and app before relying on them.
Mullvad
Mullvad’s help material describes a connected-state “Quantum resistance” indicator and setting. Its August 30, 2024 iOS announcement describes the iOS setting and connected-state indicator. Its January 9, 2025 desktop announcement says app release 2025.2 enabled the feature by default on desktop platforms. For current behavior and settings, consult Mullvad’s app help page; dated default-state statements should not be treated as guarantees about later releases.
What ML-KEM tells you—and what it doesn’t
ML-KEM is the standardized name for a post-quantum key-encapsulation mechanism in NIST FIPS 203. NIST’s post-quantum cryptography guidance encourages organizations to begin migrating to quantum-resistant cryptography and identify where vulnerable algorithms are used. Seeing ML-KEM in a product description or log helps identify the algorithm, but only evidence tied to your current session can show that the connection negotiated it.
Quick Recap
Quick checks before drawing a conclusion
- WireGuard: A PSK is configured, and the provider documents how its key is generated or derived using a post-quantum KEM.
- OpenVPN Access Server: The connected session log shows a post-quantum key-agreement value, rather than only a configured group.
- Consumer app: The provider documents what its current indicator means and which app versions or platforms it covers.
- Scope: The evidence concerns the VPN tunnel’s key establishment; it does not establish post-quantum protection for every connection beyond the VPN server.
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