To check an email address, use the official Have I Been Pwned lookup or Mozilla Monitor. To check saved passwords safely, use Firefox Password Manager’s built-in breach and reuse alerts rather than typing a current password into an unfamiliar checker. A match identifies exposure in records the service knows about; a clean result does not prove that the address or password was never exposed.
If a password appears in a breach, treat it as unsafe everywhere it was used. Secure the affected account and reused accounts, then review sessions, two-factor authentication, recovery details and email-forwarding rules.
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What a breach check actually tells you
Breach lookup services compare the information you submit with collections of previously exposed records. They do not inspect every criminal database, discover every intrusion in real time or prove that an account was taken over. A positive result means the service found a matching address or credential-related record in the data available to it. A negative result means only that no matching record was found in that service’s current collection.
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A listed incident may involve an old website, a company that changed names, a “combolist” assembled from several earlier leaks, or a data aggregator rather than a single new attack. Use the result as a signal to investigate and protect accounts, not as proof of when or how an attacker used your information.
Which checking method fits your situation?
| Method | What it checks | Access and workflow | Privacy information stated by the provider | Ongoing alerts |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Have I Been Pwned | An email address against breach records loaded into the service | One-time public lookup; a notification option is available | The service reports whether the address was found in the breaches it has loaded; the lookup is not proof that no other exposure exists | Optional notifications |
| Mozilla Monitor | An email address against publicly available breach records | Public search for basic results; a Mozilla account is needed for alerts and detailed reports. Sensitive-site results require sign-in or a subscription | Mozilla says Monitor uses Have I Been Pwned data and does not know users’ passwords | Monitoring and alerts after account sign-in |
| Firefox Password Manager | Saved logins, known breach dates for websites and reuse of a saved password across other saved logins | Run the security checks from Firefox’s saved-password interface | Mozilla says these checks happen locally and saved passwords are not sent to Mozilla | Alerts can appear for saved logins associated with breached websites |
These methods answer different questions. An email lookup can show that an address appeared in a known incident, while Firefox can flag a saved login connected with a breached website and identify password reuse among saved logins. Neither method can certify that an account is safe simply because no warning appears.
How to check whether an email address appeared in a breach
1. Open the service directly
Type the official Have I Been Pwned or Mozilla Monitor address into your browser yourself, use a bookmark you created previously, or open the provider’s official app. Do not use a sign-in link from an unsolicited email or message. A fake “breach checker” can be designed to collect the very address, password or recovery information you are trying to protect.
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Enter the complete email address, including the correct domain, and submit the search. Check separate addresses individually: a result for an old mailbox does not automatically apply to a newer address, and an address with a different spelling is a different identifier.
Mozilla Monitor permits a public search of email addresses against publicly available records. Creating or signing in to a Mozilla account adds monitoring, alerts and detailed reports. Mozilla says results involving sensitive sites are not publicly searchable and require sign-in or a subscription.
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3. Read the incident and data categories
For each match, note the named organization, the incident date if supplied and the categories of information exposed. Categories can include an email address, password, name, phone number, location or other profile data. The presence of an email address alone does not establish that a password was exposed; treat each category separately.
Look up an unfamiliar organization before deciding what action is needed. It may be a former name of a service you used, a site you joined years ago, a combolist, or an aggregator that repackaged earlier material. Prioritize accounts that are still active and any account where the same password was used.
4. Save the result without spreading sensitive data
Record the service name and incident date in a private note if you need to track remediation. Do not copy exposed passwords, full identity records or other sensitive fields into a public document, chat or support ticket. A screenshot should hide information that is not necessary for your own follow-up.
5. Decide whether monitoring is useful
A one-time lookup is sufficient for an address you no longer use if you only need to investigate a past incident. For an active mailbox, alerts can notify you when the monitoring service adds a relevant record. Mozilla Monitor requires account sign-in for monitoring; Have I Been Pwned also presents a notification option. Alerts still depend on the service receiving reliable breach information, so they do not replace good account security.
How to interpret a positive email result
A named breach involving an active account
Sign in to the organization through its official website or app, not through a link in the alert. Change the account password to a new, unique value and complete the account-protection steps in the remediation section below. If you cannot sign in, use the provider’s official recovery process.
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An old or unfamiliar service
First determine whether you ever registered there or whether the organization has a new name. If the account is still active, secure it. If you reused that password elsewhere, those other accounts need new passwords even when the other services are not named in the breach result.
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These records can combine information from multiple incidents and may not identify the original source accurately. Treat any password associated with the address as unsafe, search your password manager for reuse, and secure important accounts in priority order. Do not assume that an aggregator listing proves a new compromise of every service you use.
No match
A no-match message means the address was not found in the records currently loaded by that service. It does not establish that no breach occurred, that an undisclosed incident does not exist, or that an account has never been attacked. Continue using unique passwords, two-factor authentication and current recovery details.
How to check whether a password appeared in a breach
Do not paste a current password into an unfamiliar website, a form reached through an unsolicited alert, or a service whose privacy and security practices you cannot verify. An unknown checker would receive the secret you are trying to protect.
Use Firefox Password Manager for saved logins
- Open Firefox and open the saved-password or Password Manager interface from the browser’s settings.
- Run the available security or breach check for saved logins. Firefox compares known website breach dates with when a login was saved and can identify a password that appears to be reused across other saved logins.
- Open each warning and identify the associated website and saved username. Confirm that the site is one you still use before changing anything.
- Use the site’s official sign-in page to replace the exposed password with a unique one, then update the saved entry in Firefox.
Mozilla says Firefox performs these checks locally and does not send saved passwords to Mozilla. The check is based on known breach information and the logins stored in that Firefox profile; it cannot assess passwords that are not saved there or incidents not represented in the available data.
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What Mozilla Monitor can and cannot check
Mozilla Monitor checks email addresses against breach records. Mozilla says it does not know users’ passwords, so Monitor is not a password-testing form. Use the email result to identify affected services, then inspect your own password manager or browser for reuse.
When a password warning appears
Consider the password compromised even if the warning names only one website. Attackers commonly try exposed credentials on other services. A password change at the named site alone leaves every reused account exposed.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What to do after an exposed password or suspected account compromise
- Change the affected account first. Navigate directly to the provider, open account security settings and create a password you have never used anywhere else. A password manager can generate and store a unique replacement.
- Change every reused copy. Search your saved logins for the old password or for accounts that share the same password pattern. Replace those passwords individually; do not add a predictable suffix to the old secret.
- End other sessions. Use the account’s “sign out of other devices,” “log out all sessions” or equivalent control. This can invalidate an attacker’s existing browser session even after you change the password.
- Turn on two-factor authentication. Prefer an authentication method supported by the account and store recovery codes somewhere safe. Two-factor authentication adds a second check when a password is known.
- Verify recovery information. Check the recovery email address and phone number, and remove or restore anything you did not authorize. An attacker who changes recovery details can regain access after a password reset.
- Inspect forwarding and account activity. In an email account, review forwarding rules, filters, delegates and connected applications. Remove rules or connections you did not create. Check recent sign-ins, sent mail and security notifications for activity you do not recognize.
- Use official recovery channels if locked out. Start from the provider’s normal account-recovery page or app. Do not pay an unsolicited “support” contact or disclose verification codes to someone who claims to be helping.
- Address wider consequences. If the incident exposed identity information or financial details, contact the relevant organization through its official channel and monitor financial accounts and statements for unfamiliar activity.
The Federal Trade Commission’s consumer guidance includes signing out other devices, enabling two-factor authentication, confirming recovery details and checking email-forwarding rules when responding to suspicious account activity. Mozilla likewise advises changing an exposed password and every reused copy.
Common mistakes that make breach checks less safe
- Trusting a clean result as a guarantee: databases contain known records, not every breach.
- Entering a current password into a random checker: the checker could retain or misuse it.
- Following an alert’s sign-in link: phishing pages often imitate breach notifications. Open the service directly instead.
- Changing only the password named in the result: reused credentials remain valuable on other sites.
- Ignoring old accounts: an abandoned mailbox or shopping account may still have a reusable password or recovery path.
- Overreacting to an unfamiliar company name: verify whether it is a renamed service, an aggregator or a record from an account you once had.
- Posting the result publicly: screenshots can reveal addresses, usernames or other information attackers can combine with existing data.
A practical maintenance routine
After the initial cleanup, keep a private inventory of important accounts and whether each uses a unique password, two-factor authentication and current recovery information. Review saved-password warnings when Firefox displays them, and investigate monitoring alerts through the provider’s official site.
When an alert names a service you no longer use, close the account if the provider offers a legitimate deletion process after you have secured or removed its data. If deletion is unavailable, change the password to a unique random value, remove stored payment and recovery details where possible, and keep the account protected rather than leaving the exposed password in place.
For a shared household or work address, tell the account owner through a trusted channel rather than forwarding a suspicious alert. Each person should change reused passwords on their own accounts and avoid sending passwords or one-time codes in email.
Questions readers commonly ask
Does a breach match mean someone is currently in my account?
No. It means matching information appears in a known record. It may be old, incomplete or unrelated to a current takeover. Check account activity and sessions, then secure the account as if the credential is unsafe.
Can I check an email address without creating an account?
Have I Been Pwned provides a public lookup. Mozilla Monitor also allows a public search for publicly available breach records, while alerts and detailed reports require a Mozilla account; sensitive-site results require sign-in or a subscription.
Can an email lookup reveal my password?
An email lookup reports breach records and exposed data categories when supplied; it is not a safe way to test a current password. Use Firefox Password Manager’s saved-login checks for passwords stored in Firefox.
What if I used the same password on many sites?
Replace it everywhere, beginning with email, financial, identity and administrator accounts. Each replacement must be unique, and signing out other sessions helps remove access already established with the old password.
What if I receive a breach alert but never used the named site?
Verify the organization independently. It may be a renamed business, a data aggregator or a combolist entry. Do not sign in through the alert. If the address and password combination was reused, change the password on your real accounts.
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