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Repair common Windows errors and clear accumulated junk for a smoother, more stable PC - no reinstall needed.Free scan · no reinstallQuery the URLs you want from PostgreSQL, then pass the rows to a browser automation script that visits each URL and saves an image. For a small, auditable batch, export the query as CSV; for an application workflow, read rows through the database driver already in use. This guide uses PostgreSQL 18’s documented COPY syntax and Playwright’s browser APIs; check your PostgreSQL version before relying on version-specific syntax.
Choose how to get URLs out of PostgreSQL
Keep database selection and screenshot capture as separate steps. Select only the rows you intend to capture, include a stable identifier for each row, and define a deterministic order. The table name, URL column, identifier, and filtering rule depend on your schema.
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Export a query to CSV
PostgreSQL 18 supports exporting a query result with COPY. For example, in psql:
copy (SELECT id, url FROM public.pages WHERE url IS NOT NULL ORDER BY id) TO 'urls.csv' WITH (FORMAT CSV, HEADER)copy is a psql command that writes the file on the client machine. PostgreSQL’s SQL COPY can also write query output, but file access and location are handled by the database server. See the PostgreSQL 18 COPY documentation for syntax, CSV quoting, and escaping details.
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Do not parse CSV by splitting lines or commas: quoted fields can contain commas, quotation marks, and embedded line breaks. Use a CSV parser that follows the format.
Read rows through your application
If the script already connects to PostgreSQL, run a parameterized query with your database driver and iterate over its results instead of creating an intermediate file. Choose the driver and connection setup that match your application. This avoids CSV handoff but makes database access, credentials, and query behavior part of the capture script.
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Capture each URL with Playwright
The following Python example reads the exported CSV using Python’s standard CSV parser, visits each valid HTTP or HTTPS URL with Playwright, and writes one PNG per row. Install Playwright and its Chromium browser before running it:
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python -m pip install playwright
python -m playwright install chromiumSave this as capture_urls.py beside urls.csv:
import csv
import re
from pathlib import Path
from urllib.parse import urlparse
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright
INPUT = Path("urls.csv")
OUTPUT_DIR = Path("screenshots")
OUTPUT_DIR.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
def safe_filename(value):
value = re.sub(r"[^A-Za-z0-9._-]+", "_", value).strip("._-")
return value[:100] or "row"
with INPUT.open(newline="", encoding="utf-8-sig") as csv_file:
rows = list(csv.DictReader(csv_file))
with sync_playwright() as playwright:
browser = playwright.chromium.launch()
page = browser.new_page(viewport={"width": 1440, "height": 900})
with (OUTPUT_DIR / "results.csv").open("w", newline="", encoding="utf-8") as results_file:
writer = csv.DictWriter(results_file, fieldnames=["id", "url", "status", "file", "error"])
writer.writeheader()
for row in rows:
row_id = row.get("id", "")
url = (row.get("url") or "").strip()
filename = safe_filename(row_id) + ".png"
output_path = OUTPUT_DIR / filename
parsed = urlparse(url)
if parsed.scheme not in {"http", "https"} or not parsed.netloc:
writer.writerow({"id": row_id, "url": url, "status": "invalid_url", "file": "", "error": "Expected an absolute HTTP or HTTPS URL"})
continue
try:
response = page.goto(url, wait_until="load", timeout=30000)
page.screenshot(path=str(output_path), full_page=True)
writer.writerow({
"id": row_id,
"url": url,
"status": "ok" if response is None or response.ok else f"http_{response.status}",
"file": str(output_path),
"error": "",
})
except Exception as exc:
writer.writerow({"id": row_id, "url": url, "status": "error", "file": "", "error": str(exc)})
browser.close()Run it with python capture_urls.py. The script creates a screenshots directory, names images from the stable database identifier, and records an outcome for every row in screenshots/results.csv. It uses full-page PNG screenshots and a 30-second navigation timeout; adjust those choices for the pages and review workflow you have.
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Set capture scope and output deliberately
Viewport or full page
A viewport screenshot records the currently visible frame. A full-page screenshot attempts to include the scrollable document. Use full_page=False for a viewport capture, or full_page=True when the entire page is needed. Very long or continuously scrolling pages may need a different capture strategy.
Path, format, and scale
Playwright’s screenshot API accepts an output path and options including full-page capture, image format, and scale. The example writes PNG files at CSS-pixel scale. Choose the format for the downstream use: PNG is lossless, while JPEG and WebP can reduce file size depending on content and quality settings. Device-pixel scale produces denser images and larger files. Consult the Playwright screenshots guide and the language-specific Page API for available options.
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Make a batch reliable and reviewable
- Use stable filenames. A database ID avoids collisions between URLs with similar hosts or paths. Sanitize identifiers before using them as filenames.
- Keep a per-row result. Record invalid URLs, navigation errors, HTTP status, and output path so a partial run is visible and can be resumed deliberately.
- Bound the batch. Start with a limited query or a small sample. Choose concurrency, timeout, retries, and resource limits based on the target sites and deployment; there is no universally correct setting.
- Protect access. Treat the CSV and screenshots as potentially sensitive data. Avoid logging credentials embedded in URLs, and secure the database credentials and output directory.
- Expect rendering differences. Playwright notes that output can vary with host OS, browser version, settings, hardware, power source, and headless mode. Keep the runtime environment consistent when comparing captures. See its visual comparisons guidance.
Troubleshoot common batch failures
- CSV rows have shifted or URLs are truncated: use a real CSV parser such as
csv.DictReader; do not split on commas or newline characters. - Navigation times out: the site may be slow, unreachable, or waiting on ongoing requests. Check the URL independently, choose a timeout suitable for the target, and log the failed row rather than dropping it.
- The image is blank or incomplete: verify the page actually loaded and select a readiness condition appropriate to its behavior. The example waits for the page load event; pages that render content later may require an explicit wait for a selector or another application-specific condition.
- Images differ between runs: keep the OS, browser version, viewport, and headless configuration consistent; dynamic page content can also change independently of the script.
- A filename is missing or overwritten: ensure each row has a unique stable ID and sanitize it before creating a path. Do not use raw, untrusted URL text as a filesystem path.
Or skip the browser setup
ScreenshotNeo can capture a URL with one GET request and also offers bulk capture for up to 100 URLs per call. The API removes cookie/consent banners, newsletter popups, and chat widgets before capture; those cleanup steps can be turned off. Bot checks, blank pages, failed loads, timeouts, and cache hits are not billed, and response headers report the page verdict and billing status.
For a single image, this cURL example saves a WebP screenshot of Stripe:
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webpReplace the URL with the one you want to capture and provide your API key. The ScreenshotNeo documentation describes API options. It also has an MCP server with take_screenshot, get_page_info, and capture_pdf tools for AI agents and other MCP clients. The free plan includes 1,000 screenshots per month without a card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 screenshots. Sign up for free and try 1,000 screenshots a month with no card.
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