The Tool Desk
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Capture the same page at several viewport sizes
This standalone TypeScript example opens a fresh browser context for each viewport and saves a labeled screenshot. The sample dimensions are examples, not universal breakpoints: choose sizes that match your site’s CSS breakpoints and the devices you care about.
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import { chromium } from 'playwright';
const viewports = [
{ name: 'mobile', width: 390, height: 844 },
{ name: 'tablet', width: 768, height: 1024 },
{ name: 'desktop', width: 1440, height: 900 },
];
const browser = await chromium.launch();
try {
for (const viewport of viewports) {
const context = await browser.newContext({
viewport: { width: viewport.width, height: viewport.height },
});
try {
const page = await context.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com');
await page.screenshot({ path: `screenshots/home-${viewport.name}.png` });
} finally {
await context.close();
}
}
} finally {
await browser.close();
}Replace the example URL with the route under test. Create the screenshots directory before running the script, or change the output path to a directory that already exists. Each capture should use the same route and application state; otherwise, differences between files may reflect content changes rather than responsive layout.
Choose where to configure the viewport
Use the configuration level that fits how you run Playwright. The essential setting is an explicit viewport width and height for every capture.
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Standalone script: context or page
The example sets the viewport when creating a browser context. That makes each context’s dimensions clear and keeps captures isolated. You can also change a page’s viewport with page.setViewportSize({ width, height }) when you want to reuse a page sequentially. Set the size before navigating if the site’s initial layout depends on viewport dimensions.
Playwright Test: named projects
When viewport sizes are part of a recurring suite, named projects make the configuration and results traceable. In playwright.config.ts, define projects with different use.viewport settings, then run the same test under each project:
import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';
export default defineConfig({
projects: [
{ name: 'mobile', use: { viewport: { width: 390, height: 844 } } },
{ name: 'tablet', use: { viewport: { width: 768, height: 1024 } } },
{ name: 'desktop', use: { viewport: { width: 1440, height: 900 } } },
],
});Project-level configuration is useful when many tests should run at each size. If only one test needs several sizes, parameterizing that test can keep the matrix local to the scenario.
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Playwright Test: parameterized visual assertions
toHaveScreenshot() is a Playwright Test runner assertion. Use it in tests run by @playwright/test, rather than a standalone script that imports only Playwright. This example creates a distinct expected image name for each size:
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
const viewports = [
{ name: 'mobile', width: 390, height: 844 },
{ name: 'tablet', width: 768, height: 1024 },
{ name: 'desktop', width: 1440, height: 900 },
];
for (const viewport of viewports) {
test(`home page at ${viewport.name}`, async ({ page }) => {
await page.setViewportSize({ width: viewport.width, height: viewport.height });
await page.goto('https://example.com');
await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot(`home-${viewport.name}.png`);
});
}Generate baselines deliberately and review them before accepting changes. Playwright’s screenshot assertion waits for consecutive screenshots to match before comparing with the baseline; it does not make the rendering environment irrelevant. Keep browser version, operating system, settings, hardware, power source, and headed or headless mode consistent where possible. Changes in those conditions can alter rendering even when the site code has not changed. See the Playwright visual comparisons documentation.
Viewport screenshots and full-page screenshots answer different questions
A normal page.screenshot() captures the visible viewport: what fits in the browser area at the selected width and height. This is the right choice for checking responsive behavior at a realistic screen height, such as whether a navigation menu, heading, or call to action fits above the fold.
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For a long-page record, use fullPage: true:
await page.screenshot({ path: 'screenshots/home-full.png', fullPage: true });A full-page image captures the entire scrollable document as if it were displayed on a very tall screen. It is useful for reviewing overall page content, but it does not replace checking the page at realistic viewport heights. To compare how the page appears while a visitor scrolls or interacts, take viewport captures at each selected size and state.
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CSS-pixel scale or device-pixel scale
Playwright’s screenshot scale option controls the output image resolution. scale: 'css' produces one screenshot pixel per CSS pixel, which keeps high-DPI captures smaller. scale: 'device' uses device pixels and is the documented default; on high-DPI displays, that can produce images twice as large or more.
await page.screenshot({ path: 'screenshots/home.png', scale: 'css' });Custom viewport or device profile
A custom viewport controls the browser’s visible width and height. It does not, by itself, reproduce a physical phone or tablet. A Playwright device profile can also set emulated properties such as user agent, screen size, and touch capability. Device profiles are still emulation, not tests on real hardware. Consult the Playwright emulation guide for the available device settings.
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If you start with a device profile but need a custom viewport, apply your viewport after the profile so the custom width and height override the profile’s viewport:
const context = await browser.newContext({
...devices['iPhone 13'],
viewport: { width: 390, height: 844 },
});Import the named profile from Playwright’s device descriptors when using this pattern. Keep the profile’s other emulated properties only if they suit the test; changing dimensions does not turn those properties into measurements from a real device.
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- Choose sizes intentionally. Include widths around the breakpoints your layout actually uses, not just familiar device labels.
- Keep the route and state consistent. Use the same page, content, login state, and relevant interactions for each size.
- Label output by viewport. Names such as
home-mobile.pngmake it easier to trace an image to its dimensions or test project. - Separate viewport checks from full-page records. A tall image can hide problems that appear at ordinary screen heights.
- Stabilize the comparison environment. For screenshot assertions, run with consistent browser and machine conditions and inspect proposed baseline changes.
Troubleshoot common problems
The screenshot has the wrong dimensions
Confirm that both width and height are set in the context or page before navigation and capture. If using a device profile, check whether its viewport is overriding your intended dimensions; spread the profile first and set the custom viewport afterward.
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Images or layout are missing in the capture
Make sure navigation has reached the page state you intend to capture. If the page renders important content after navigation, wait for a meaningful selector or other application-specific ready condition before taking the screenshot. A fixed delay may be appropriate for a known animation or transition, but it can make tests slower and less reliable than waiting for the actual element.
Visual assertions fail intermittently
Look for changing content or animations as well as changes in the rendering environment. Keep browser version, operating system, settings, hardware, power source, and headed or headless mode consistent, and review the generated image before updating a baseline. A changed screenshot is evidence of a visual difference, not by itself proof that the responsive layout is broken.
The output file cannot be written
Check that the destination directory exists and that the process can write to it. For a set of files, ensure the generated names are distinct; otherwise a later capture can overwrite an earlier one.
Or skip the browser setup
If you only need a screenshot file rather than a Playwright test suite, ScreenshotNeo can return an image with one request. Its API supports PNG, JPEG, or WebP output, and accepts the same parameter names used by other screenshot APIs for easier switching. See the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for request options.
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://example.com -o shot.webpScreenshotNeo accepts cookie or consent banners like a visitor and removes more than 60 known consent platforms, newsletter popups, and chat widgets before capture; each cleanup step can be turned off. Bot checks or CAPTCHAs, blank pages, timeouts, failed loads, and cache hits cost nothing, and responses identify the page verdict and billing status in headers. It also provides an MCP server with screenshot, page-info, and PDF-capture tools for AI agents. The free plan includes 1,000 shots per month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000 shots. Sign up for 1,000 free screenshots a month, with no card required.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does changing the viewport test a real phone?
No. A custom viewport changes the browser’s visible dimensions. Device profiles add emulated properties, but neither approach is a test on physical hardware.
Should I take full-page screenshots for responsive testing?
Use full-page captures for a record of the whole document; use viewport captures at realistic heights to assess what is visible on screen.
Quick Recap
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