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Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFix Now →Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →In Chrome, use Selenium’s execute_cdp_cmd() to call Chrome DevTools Protocol’s Page.captureScreenshot with captureBeyondViewport enabled. Decode the returned base64 data and save it as an image. Selenium’s ordinary save_screenshot() captures the current browser window; it does not enable this full-page behavior by itself.
Capture a full-page screenshot in Chrome
Run this after your Selenium driver has started and navigated to the page. The example writes a PNG to /content/full_page.png in the Colab runtime.
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from base64 import b64decode
result = driver.execute_cdp_cmd(
"Page.captureScreenshot",
{"format": "png", "captureBeyondViewport": True},
)
with open("/content/full_page.png", "wb") as image_file:
image_file.write(b64decode(result["data"]))Chrome DevTools Protocol returns the screenshot image as base64-encoded data. Selenium exposes execute_cdp_cmd() on its Chromium driver for sending such commands. The CDP Page protocol documents captureBeyondViewport; PNG is the default format, and JPEG and WebP are also supported. See Selenium’s Chromium WebDriver documentation.
Prepare the page before capturing
A full-page command captures what the browser has rendered; it does not guarantee that every website has loaded all of its content. Some pages defer images or sections until they are scrolled into view, or until a user interacts with the page.
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- Navigate to the target URL. Wait for the page to reach the state you want to capture rather than taking the screenshot immediately after navigation.
- Load lazy content if needed. For pages that reveal content during scrolling, scroll through the document and allow newly revealed sections or images to load before capturing. This is a page-preparation step, not behavior guaranteed by CDP.
- Run the capture cell. Decode the returned data and write it to a file, as in the example above.
- Retrieve or persist the image. Download it from Colab or copy it to durable storage before the runtime is deleted.
Set up the Colab notebook and browser
Colab runs code in a hosted virtual machine. Browser and driver availability, installed packages, and compatible setup can vary with the active runtime. The official documentation reviewed here does not prescribe a single browser-install command or Chrome binary path that works for every current Colab image, so check the active runtime rather than treating a particular setup recipe as universal.
Include notebook cells that install or load custom libraries and files your notebook requires. Google’s Colab FAQ notes that a shared notebook does not share its VM, custom files, or installed libraries with collaborators and recommends including setup cells.
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Colab’s hosted VM is temporary: it may be deleted after inactivity and has a maximum lifetime. Save or download the screenshot before that happens. Colab’s FAQ describes runtime availability and limits.
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- Chrome: use the CDP call above when you need content beyond the viewport. Selenium’s standard screenshot method does not itself select beyond-viewport capture.
- Firefox: Selenium documents dedicated full-page screenshot methods on its Firefox driver, including
get_full_page_screenshot_as_file()andsave_full_page_screenshot(). Check the Firefox WebDriver documentation for the available methods.
The practical choice depends on which browser you can run in the active Colab environment, whether the method captures beyond the viewport, and whether the site needs scrolling or interaction to render its content.
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Troubleshooting
- The file only shows the visible window:
driver.save_screenshot()does not enable CDP’s beyond-viewport capture. In Chrome, usePage.captureScreenshotwithcaptureBeyondViewportset toTrue. - The screenshot is missing images or sections: the page may load those elements only after scrolling, waiting, or interaction. Prepare the page first; the capture command does not promise to trigger every site’s lazy-loading behavior.
- The browser or driver will not start: check the active Colab runtime and confirm the browser and driver setup is compatible with it. A fixed install command or binary path is not established as universal for changing Colab images.
- The image is not available after the session: the Colab VM is temporary. Download the file or copy it to durable storage while the runtime is still available.
Or skip the browser setup
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