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Two ways to trade on NEAR
| Mechanism | What you request | How it is fulfilled | What to check |
|---|---|---|---|
| NEAR-native AMM swap | Exchange one token for another through one or more liquidity pools. | A smart-contract pool, or a router that combines multiple pools, executes the swap on NEAR. | Route liquidity, price impact, slippage settings, fees and the estimated output. |
| NEAR Intents swap | A desired result, such as a specified change in token balances. | Independent solvers assess the request, quote possible execution, and a selected quote is submitted for settlement. | Net output, quote deadline, solver conditions, destination asset and whether the route involves another chain. |
These mechanisms are not interchangeable. An AMM route is determined by pool liquidity and the router; an intent states the result while leaving the method to a solver. Neither description alone establishes that a particular asset, route or feature is available now. Check the trading interface for current support and terms before approving.
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How a NEAR-native AMM swap works
Liquidity pools set the exchange rate
An AMM contract holds token liquidity in pools. When you swap, the transaction trades against that liquidity rather than matching your order with a resting bid or ask as an order book would. Ref Finance documentation describes permissionless pools for NEAR fungible tokens and routing through multiple pools in one transaction.
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Output depends on the route and trade size
The quoted output is affected by the available liquidity, pool pricing, trade size and applicable fees. Price impact is the effect your trade has on the pool’s price; slippage is the difference between the expected and executed result as prices or available liquidity change before execution. A larger trade relative to route liquidity can have greater price impact. Review the route, expected output and slippage tolerance shown by the interface; the reviewed documentation does not establish a universal current Ref Finance fee or average trade outcome.
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Verify which Ref Finance features are available
Ref Finance’s repository describes multi-pool routing, but labels the project as being in a testing phase. Its limit-order-book feature is described as “Coming v3,” not as a confirmed live feature. Treat documentation as a mechanism description, not proof that every listed feature is currently available; confirm the feature in the live application.
How a NEAR Intents swap works
You specify the outcome, not every execution step
NEAR Intents defines an intent as a declarative instruction for a desired outcome without prescribing the method. Independent solvers can assess whether they can fulfill it, source liquidity and compose the actions they will use. The solver’s route may involve other infrastructure or chains, so an intent should not be treated as a single exchange or as a guarantee of the best market price.
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Quotes are gathered and one is selected
In the documented market-maker flow, the user’s app sends a quote request to a WebSocket message bus. Connected solvers can return signed quotes, which the app presents for comparison. The user reviews a quote and selects one; the matching intent and quote are then submitted to a verifier contract for settlement. The message bus is one quote-discovery mechanism, not a requirement for every deployment: the official documentation also describes operating with other quote mechanisms or direct chain indexing.
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The user signs an intent message
The documented integration sequence is to request a quote for the input and output assets, build a message that includes the account, deadline and desired token-balance changes, sign that message, and publish the intent with the selected quote reference. The example also calls the intents.near contract to register a public key before the first signed message. This is developer-level flow detail; a consumer interface may package the steps differently. Read the wallet’s signing request rather than assuming it is identical to an ordinary token swap.
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Cross-chain swaps can involve deposits on more than one chain
NEAR documentation describes depositing assets into Intents accounts for trading and querying balances on the intents.near contract. The deposit procedure depends on whether the source asset is on NEAR or another chain; do not assume that every supported token uses the same deposit transaction or withdrawal process. Check the interface’s current asset support and instructions for both deposit and destination delivery.
NEAR Intents’ cross-chain page gives examples such as ETH on Ethereum to BTC and USDC on Arbitrum to SOL on Solana. Those examples illustrate possible flows, not independent measurements or a promise that a route will be available or complete by a particular time. The page lists Trust Wallet, Ledger Live, LI.FI, SwapKit and Gem Wallet as integrations.
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A cross-chain trade can therefore involve chain-specific deposits and settlement, with the chosen solver and supporting infrastructure determining the route. The fact that you initiate or sign an intent through a NEAR-connected interface does not mean every part of the trade executes on NEAR.
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What to compare before approving
- Assets and networks: Confirm the exact input and destination asset, including the network and token identifier. A matching ticker alone may not establish that you selected the intended token.
- Net output: Compare the expected amount received after displayed route costs and fees, not just the headline exchange rate.
- AMM route: Inspect the pools or route, available liquidity, price impact and slippage tolerance shown by the interface.
- Intent quote: Check its validity period or deadline, fulfillment conditions and destination asset. If the route is cross-chain, identify which chains and bridging or settlement assumptions it involves.
- Destination: Verify the destination wallet address and chain before signing.
- Signing request and terms: Review what the wallet asks you to authorize and the interface’s current terms. Do not approve a request you cannot understand.
- Failure tolerance: Consider whether you can accept a delayed, unavailable or failed route, especially when another chain or external liquidity source is involved.
Fees, speed and volume claims need context
NEAR Intents’ integration-facing cross-chain page describes a typical configurable per-swap fee range of 20–100 basis points. That is a vendor-published typical range, not a universal fee schedule for every trade; compare the actual costs shown for your route before confirming.
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The same product page gives an illustrative ETH-to-BTC story taking about 30 seconds. That is a route-specific example, not a general completion guarantee. The NEAR Intents homepage claims more than $33 billion in all-time volume across 35 chains; the figure is a current product claim accessed in 2026, and the page does not provide a publication date for it in the reviewed material. It should not be read as independent verification or a prediction of future liquidity.
Wallet control and execution responsibility
NEAR Intents’ terms say users retain control of connected wallets and are responsible for their recovery phrases and passkeys; Intents Technology does not provide wallet software. The terms also say the interface operator does not control third-party solvers and does not guarantee or take responsibility for their price, speed, reliability, availability or transaction completion. In practice, a wallet connection does not make the interface operator the executor of every trade: solvers and other infrastructure may participate in fulfilling it.
Ledger Live is listed among the integrations, but that listing does not establish that a Ledger hardware device is required to use NEAR Intents. Choose wallet-security equipment based on your own custody needs, not as a presumed trading prerequisite.
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