If a heading disappears beneath a sticky or fixed navigation bar, first check where the page actually scrolls and how tall the bars are at the problem viewport. For anchor links and other scroll-to-target behavior, reserve that measured space with scroll-padding-top on the scrolling container; use scroll-margin-top on particular targets when only they need an offset. A full-page screenshot can require separate diagnosis: reproduce it in a browser at the same size and state before blaming CSS or a capture tool.
Why text ends up behind sticky navigation
A sticky element behaves like a relatively positioned element until it reaches a configured threshold, then stays at that offset while its scroll container allows. A top, right, bottom, or left threshold is required for sticky positioning to take effect. Because navigation can remain visually over content, a heading reached by an anchor or scripted scroll may appear underneath it. The exact cause depends on the page’s DOM, CSS, and scroll-container structure. MDN’s positioning guide explains sticky behavior and its relationship to the nearest ancestor with a scrolling mechanism; Chrome for Developers illustrates a section header staying at the top as the reader moves through content.
This is different from a screenshot simply cutting off content at the viewport edge. If the text is visible in the browser at the same scroll position but missing from a capture, investigate capture mode and tool behavior as well as the page layout.
Fix anchor targets covered by a header
1. Measure the effective navigation height
Measure the navigation in the viewport and layout where the problem occurs. Include stacked fixed or sticky bars that together cover the target. If the bar changes height at different viewport widths or page states, use the height that applies to the affected case rather than copying an example value.
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2. Identify the element that scrolls
If the document scrolls, the root scrolling element is usually the right place for the offset. If a panel or other nested container scrolls, set the offset on that container instead. Sticky positioning is tied to the nearest ancestor with a scrolling mechanism, so inspect ancestors—especially those with overflow—if the sticky bar behaves unexpectedly.
3. Reserve space on the scroll container
:root {
--site-nav-height: 4rem; /* Replace with the measured effective height. */
}
html {
scroll-padding-top: var(--site-nav-height);
}For a nested scroller, apply scroll-padding-top to that scrolling element rather than assuming the document is responsible. The property reserves an inset in the container’s optimal viewing region. MDN’s scroll-padding-top reference describes this use for content obscured by fixed UI. Its scroll-padding example uses 60px for a 60px fixed header and also adds top padding to the main content so the first section begins below the header. That is an illustration, not a universal setting.
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4. Use target-level spacing only where needed
If only selected targets need the offset, apply scroll-margin-top to those targets or their class:
.article-section {
scroll-margin-top: var(--site-nav-height);
}For example, use class="article-section" on the relevant headings or sections. MDN defines scroll-margin-top as the top outset of a target’s scroll snap area and documents it as widely available since April 2021.
#1 Best Overall
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Choose between scroll padding and scroll margin
| Property | Where it goes | Best fit |
|---|---|---|
scroll-padding-top |
The scroll container | Reserve a consistent inset for targets in that container, such as a persistent navigation bar. |
scroll-margin-top |
The target element | Adjust selected targets without changing the inset for every target in the container. |
Start with one strategy so the landing position is predictable. They can be combined if you intentionally want their effects to accumulate, but applying both indiscriminately may leave more space than intended. The property choice follows the distinction between the container inset in MDN’s scroll-padding reference and the target outset in its scroll-margin reference.
Check whether the screenshot or the page is at fault
- Reproduce the issue in a browser with the same viewport dimensions, page state, and scroll position as the screenshot.
- Check whether the header overlaps the target during ordinary browser scrolling, especially after following an anchor link. If it does, correct the scroll container or target offset first.
- Inspect the sticky element’s ancestors for scrolling mechanisms or unexpected
overflowbehavior. - If the issue appears only in a full-page capture, compare the capture with the rendered page and consult the specific capture tool’s documentation. Viewport and full-page capture are different modes; do not assume a tool handles sticky elements in a particular way without checking.
The available documentation establishes CSS positioning and scroll-offset behavior, not the behavior of any particular screenshot product. A capture-only discrepancy therefore needs to be tested with the actual tool and page.
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Troubleshooting common cases
- Anchor headings still land under the header: Confirm that the rule is on the element that actually scrolls, and that its value accounts for all bars covering the target.
- The offset is much too large: Check whether both container padding and target margin are contributing. Temporarily use one method to make the landing position easier to evaluate.
- It works on the document but not inside a panel: Apply the inset to the panel that scrolls, and inspect its ancestors and overflow settings.
- The screenshot alone is wrong: Reproduce the browser view at matching dimensions and scroll position, then check the capture mode and that tool’s documentation rather than assuming the CSS fix applies.
- The first section begins too close to the bar: Scroll offset properties address target alignment; separately consider content layout. MDN’s example pairs a scroll inset with matching top padding on the main content.
Or skip the browser setup
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Quick Recap
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Rank #3
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