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In a 2026 poster test, Firefox’s JPEG export at requested canvas quality 0.9 was 56% larger than Chromium’s—and showed less color error around red lettering. The reported difference was tied to JPEG chroma sampling: Firefox used 4:4:4, while Chromium used 4:2:0. That result describes specific open-source browser builds and one image, not every Firefox export.
What the test found
DEV Community author yue xing drew a 1600×900 sale poster with Python, then exported it through canvas.toBlob(..., 'image/jpeg', 0.9). The source PNG was reported as 123 KB. On an Apple M4 with 16 GB of RAM, the author tested open-source builds identified as Chromium 149, Firefox 151, and WebKit 26.5.
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| Browser build | JPEG size at requested quality 0.9 | Reported red-glyph edge ΔE | Reported sampling |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chromium 149 | 157,626 bytes | 7.11 | 4:2:0 |
| WebKit 26.5 | 226,166 bytes | 6.64 | 4:2:0 |
| Firefox 151 | 246,096 bytes | 2.31 | 4:4:4 |
The Firefox file was about 56% larger than Chromium’s in this test. For the visual comparison, the author calculated CIE76 ΔE in a 2-pixel band around glyph edges; lower values indicate less measured color difference under that method. These sizes and measurements are the author’s reported results, not an independent cross-browser benchmark.
Why chroma sampling can affect red text
JPEG can store color information at lower spatial resolution than brightness information. This is called chroma subsampling. In 4:2:0, each chroma channel is sampled at half the width and half the height, leaving one quarter as many chroma samples; 4:4:4 keeps full chroma sampling. MDN’s explanation describes how reduced color data is reconstructed from nearby colors (MDN: Image file type and format guide).
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When a saturated red letter meets a contrasting background, reducing color resolution can blur or spread color across the edge. The brightness boundary may remain comparatively defined, but the color transition can look less crisp. In the reported poster, the author inspected JPEG frame headers and found 4:2:0 in Chromium and WebKit and 4:4:4 in Firefox. That provides a plausible explanation for the larger Firefox file and its lower measured edge-color difference in this particular image.
Quality 0.9 does not mean identical encoding
The number passed to HTMLCanvasElement.toBlob() is a requested quality value from 0 to 1 for lossy formats such as JPEG. MDN documents the parameter, but does not promise that browsers will produce the same file size or appearance for the same value (MDN Web Docs: HTMLCanvasElement: toBlob() method).
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In the builds tested, the author reported Firefox switching to 4:4:4 at quality 0.895, while Chromium and WebKit switched at 0.995. The author used open-source builds, not release Chrome or Safari, and did not inspect engine source code to establish why those thresholds differ. Treat those exact thresholds as observations from that experiment, not product-wide specifications.
What this means when exporting your own image
For colored lettering and flat graphics
Inspect the exported file at the size where people will actually view it. Thin, saturated text and sharp color boundaries can reveal chroma artifacts that are less noticeable in photographs. If edge fidelity matters, compare the result with the source rather than assuming that a shared quality number makes browser exports equivalent.
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PNG is worth considering for flat-color artwork, diagrams, or charts. The author said PNG worked well for the test poster, and MDN notes that JPEG’s lossy compression can be unsatisfactory for sharp content such as diagrams and charts (MDN: Image file type and format guide). PNG is not guaranteed to be smaller for every image.
For photographs
JPEG is often useful for photographs, where lossy compression can reduce file size with artifacts that may be less conspicuous than on crisp graphic edges. The right format depends on the image and the trade-off between size and visible artifacts; the poster test does not establish which format is best for photographs.
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For a meaningful browser comparison
Record the browser and version, operating system, source image and dimensions, requested format and quality, resulting byte size, and JPEG sampling factors. Comparing those details helps distinguish a browser-specific encoder result from an image-specific effect.
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