To cache a bilingual Astro game’s HTML on Cloudflare, first make the route eligible with a narrowly scoped Cache Rule, then set an appropriate edge TTL and verify the result with CF-Cache-Status. An origin Cache-Control header alone does not make HTML cacheable by Cloudflare. Keep public, language-specific game pages pre-rendered where possible; reserve request-time rendering for pages that genuinely depend on a visitor’s request.
How should you set up bilingual routes in Astro?
Choose a URL policy before building the language switcher: either keep the default language at the root and prefix the others, or prefix every locale. Astro’s i18n configuration defines the locales and default locale; the folders under src/pages/ determine the corresponding localized routes. Match the file tree to the policy so each translated page has a predictable URL.
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| URL policy | Example | Astro setting |
|---|---|---|
| Default locale at the root | English at /; Spanish at /es/ |
prefixDefaultLocale: false |
| Every locale has a prefix | English at /en/; Spanish at /es/ |
prefixDefaultLocale: true |
Set i18n.locales and i18n.defaultLocale in astro.config.mjs, then arrange localized pages under src/pages/ according to the chosen policy. Astro’s routing and configuration options are documented in its internationalization guide.
Keep translated routes paired in the language switcher. A switch from an English game page should lead to its Spanish counterpart when one exists, not simply to the Spanish homepage. The project’s languages and URL policy are design choices; neither a root default route nor prefixes for every locale are universally required.
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Should game pages be pre-rendered or rendered on demand?
Use pre-rendered HTML for pages whose content is the same for every visitor, such as a game landing page, instructions, or a language-specific game shell. Astro pre-renders pages by default, so these routes can be generated at build time without request-time work.
Use on-demand rendering only where the response must depend on the incoming request—for example, a genuinely personalized view. Astro requires an adapter for on-demand rendering. With an adapter configured, set export const prerender = false; on a route that needs request-time behavior. If the project uses output: 'server', on-demand rendering is the project default, and a route can instead be explicitly pre-rendered. See Astro’s on-demand rendering guide and the Cloudflare adapter guide for configuration details.
For a browser game, a useful separation is static, shareable HTML for the page shell and client-side assets for the interactive game. This avoids making the HTML request-dependent just to run an interactive game. If the rendered response includes account-specific or other per-user state, treat it as private rather than as a shared cache object.
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Why does Cloudflare return DYNAMIC for HTML?
Cloudflare does not cache HTML by default. Its CDN documentation states, “Dynamic content, such as HTML pages, is not cached by default, but you can use Cache Rules to cache it.” A response can therefore carry a sensible Cache-Control header from Astro and still be ineligible for Cloudflare’s cache.
Astro documents this example for setting a response header on an on-demand route:
Astro.response.headers.set('Cache-Control', 'public, max-age=3600');That header expresses an origin caching policy; it is not proof that Cloudflare has stored the HTML. Cloudflare’s cache configuration must also make the response eligible. Its documentation distinguishes cache eligibility from cache duration and describes Edge Cache TTL options, including respecting origin cache-control, falling back to a default when it is absent, or ignoring the origin header in favor of the rule’s TTL. Choose the policy to match how often the page or data can change rather than copying a universal TTL. See Cloudflare’s cache documentation and Astro’s API reference.
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How do you make only the intended HTML cacheable?
- Identify public routes. List the language-specific pages that are identical for visitors, such as the public game shell and instructions. Exclude pages whose HTML contains user-specific or sensitive information.
- Create a narrowly matched Cache Rule. Match the intended public HTML paths rather than applying a hostname-wide rule. Include the localized paths that should be cached, and make sure private, account, or request-dependent routes are excluded.
- Set the edge TTL policy. Decide whether Cloudflare should respect origin cache-control, use a default when that header is missing, or apply a TTL set in the rule. Base the duration on the page’s actual update needs.
- Review variation and bypass conditions. Check whether cookies, authorization, response cache-control directives, or language-dependent content change the response. Ensure a shared cache key cannot serve one visitor’s state or the wrong language to another.
- Deploy and inspect the response headers. Test each intended route, including its localized counterpart, rather than assuming a rule matching one path covers the others.
A broad “cache everything” rule can make HTML eligible without distinguishing static pages from dynamic ones. Cloudflare’s Cache Level documentation warns, “This option caches all HTML regardless of the presence of dynamic content.” Use exclusions or a narrower expression so personal responses cannot enter a shared cache.
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How can you confirm the HTML is cached?
Request the same target URL twice and inspect CF-Cache-Status on both responses. Cloudflare documents MISS when an eligible object is not present at request time and HIT when it is found in cache. The first request may be a miss before the object is stored; a purge or expiration can also affect the sequence.
CF-Cache-Status |
What it indicates | What to check next |
|---|---|---|
DYNAMIC |
The request was not eligible for caching. | Review the Cache Rule’s match expression and whether it applies to this HTML route. |
BYPASS |
Cloudflare considered the response eligible, but a response-time condition prevented caching. | Inspect response cache-control directives and relevant request or response conditions. |
MISS |
The object was eligible but was not present in cache when requested. | Request the same URL again and check whether subsequent behavior changes. |
HIT |
The object was served from cache. | Confirm the cached response is the intended language and contains no visitor-specific state. |
Do not infer an edge hit from the presence of Cache-Control alone. Cloudflare’s cache response documentation explains these status values and why eligibility, response directives, and the state of the cached object all matter.
Which setup is right for a bilingual game?
| Decision | Prefer this when | Trade-off |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-rendered routes | The page is public and its HTML does not depend on the visitor’s request. | Content changes require a new build or another content-update mechanism. |
| On-demand routes | The response must vary at request time. | Requires an adapter and careful control of personalized responses and shared caching. |
| Default language at root | You want the default locale at paths such as /, with prefixes for other locales. |
The default locale’s URLs differ from the other locales’ URL pattern. |
| Prefixes for every language | You want every locale to have an explicit language-prefixed path. | The default locale also occupies a prefixed route. |
| Narrow HTML Cache Rule | You can identify the public, shareable game paths that should be cached. | Each intended locale and route must be covered by the match expression. |
| Broad HTML caching | Only when all matched HTML is safe to share, or all dynamic routes are reliably excluded. | A mistake can cache dynamic or personalized HTML. |
Astro’s Cloudflare integration guide reports @astrojs/cloudflare version 14.3.4 and states that Astro 6 requires adapter version 13 or later. Check the versions installed in your project and the current adapter upgrade guidance before configuring or upgrading. The exact Cache Rule interface and observed headers depend on the Cloudflare deployment and zone configuration; these steps describe the CDN behavior, not a result measured on a particular site.
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