If Apple revokes the enterprise distribution certificate used to sign an in-house app, the app can stop launching; tapping Trust again will not fix it. Apple validates certificate status online and caches the result, so devices may not all fail at the same moment. The organization’s administrator must sign and distribute an app or provisioning profile that uses a valid certificate.
What happens when an enterprise certificate is revoked?
Apple’s guidance is direct: “If the certificate has been revoked, the app won’t launch.” The revocation applies to apps signed with that distribution certificate, and provisioning profiles that contain the certificate become invalid. This is a signing and validation failure—not a normal prompt asking a user to trust a developer.
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The visible timing can vary. When an app is first opened, the device contacts Apple’s Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) server. Apple says the server specifies how long its response is cached; the current window is three to seven days. Apple also says the status is not checked again until the device has restarted and the cached response has expired. That is not a guaranteed grace period or a countdown for an individual device: do not assume every user will see the same behavior or have a set number of days to act. Apple’s in-house app distribution guidance explains the validation behavior.
Is it revocation, expiry, trust, or a connection problem?
Several problems can prevent an enterprise app from opening. Identify which one is present before changing settings: the remedy for a revoked signing certificate is different from the remedy for an untrusted developer or failed network verification.
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| Possible cause | What it means | Who can resolve it |
|---|---|---|
| Distribution certificate revoked | Apps signed with that certificate are invalid; profiles containing it are invalid too. Apple says a revoked app will not launch. | The organization must use a valid signing identity and provide a replacement app or profile. |
| Distribution provisioning profile expired | The profile has expired; Apple says the app will not launch once the expired profile is removed. In-house distribution profiles are valid for 12 months, according to Apple’s current guidance. | The administrator regenerates or replaces the profile and distributes the resulting app or profile. |
| Developer is not trusted on the device | The manually installed app’s developer has not been trusted on that device. This is a trust-setting issue, not proof that the certificate has been revoked. | The user can complete Apple’s manual trust flow if the app and signing identity are valid. |
| Apple’s verification service is unreachable | The device cannot complete online verification. This connectivity issue is distinct from a revoked status. | Restore the device’s access to Apple’s verification services, then retry the appropriate trust or verification step. |
Apple’s account help describes how to edit or regenerate a provisioning profile and download it; it also explains that a regenerated profile may require the app to be signed again. See Edit, download, or delete provisioning profiles.
What can an employee try?
If the organization confirms the app is valid and the issue is simply that a manually installed developer has not been trusted, follow Apple’s trust instructions. On iPhone, iPad, or Apple Vision Pro, open Settings > General > VPN & Device Management, select the developer under Enterprise App, then complete the trust prompt. On iOS 18, iPadOS 18, and visionOS 2 or later, Apple’s flow uses Allow & Restart; earlier versions use a Trust action. The exact prompt depends on the installed OS version. See Apple’s instructions for installing custom enterprise apps.
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Trusting a developer cannot override certificate revocation. If Apple’s validation result is revoked, only the organization can fix the signing and distribution problem. Likewise, repeatedly tapping Trust, reinstalling the same invalid build, or changing the device clock does not make a revoked certificate valid.
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For a verification or trust attempt that cannot reach Apple, check that the device has internet access. Apple identifies ppq.apple.com for establishing trust and ocsp.apple.com for certificate-status checks. Restoring access may resolve a connectivity failure; it does not reverse a revocation.
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How an administrator restores access
Recovery requires a valid signing identity and a replacement distribution path. Apple supports either distributing a newly signed app or, in some cases, providing a replacement provisioning profile to people who already have the app.
- Identify the affected signing certificate. Check which distribution certificate signed the installed build and confirm whether it was revoked. Do not treat a user’s trust prompt alone as confirmation of revocation.
- Create or update a valid provisioning profile. Use an active certificate. If the profile is invalid or expired, edit or regenerate it in the Apple Developer account and download the resulting profile. Follow Apple’s profile guidance at Edit, download, or delete provisioning profiles.
- Prepare a replacement app for new installations. Sign the replacement app bundle with the active certificate and valid profile. For already installed apps, plan an update that includes the replacement profile, or distribute only the replacement
.mobileprovisionfile where appropriate. - Roll it out and notify users. Apple documents MDM-managed distribution and app updates. For manually installed apps, users will need instructions to install the replacement; do not assume their devices will update automatically. Apple’s deployment guidance covers in-house app distribution and updates.
- Verify installation and launch. Confirm that the replacement app or profile is installed and that affected users can open the app before considering the recovery complete.
How long do enterprise certificates and profiles last?
Apple’s current in-house distribution guidance distinguishes the certificate from the provisioning profile. The durations below describe Apple’s stated validity periods, not a guaranteed app outage schedule.
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| Item | Apple-stated validity or allowance | Operational meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Enterprise distribution certificate | Three years from issuance, or until Enterprise Program membership expires, whichever comes first | Plan certificate rotation before the certificate or membership reaches its end date. |
| Distribution provisioning profile | 12 months | Track and renew profiles separately from certificates; an expired profile can stop an app from launching. |
| Active distribution certificates during replacement | Two independent certificates | Apple allows an overlap period so apps can move to the new signing identity before the old certificate expires. |
These validity periods do not mean a revoked certificate remains usable until its scheduled expiry. Revocation invalidates apps signed with it.
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For planned replacement, avoid revoking the old certificate as the first step. Apple allows two independent active distribution certificates during an overlap period, so an organization can move apps to the new identity while the old one remains active. Apple cautions: “You should revoke a certificate only as a last resort—if you’re sure the private key is lost or you think the certificate has been compromised.” If that condition applies, prioritize securing the signing process and replacing affected apps rather than relying on the overlap window.
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Apple’s revocation behavior and overlap guidance are documented in its in-house app distribution guidance. The key operational distinction is that a planned rotation lets the administrator update apps before removing the old identity; revocation invalidates apps signed by the certificate being revoked.
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