The Tool Desk
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Recommended settings for a 25p live source
| Setting | Starting point | Important qualification |
|---|---|---|
| Frame rate | 25 fps, progressive | Use this when the production source is 25p; avoid changing cadence just to match a different nominal rate. |
| Scan type | Progressive | Deinterlace interlaced material before streaming. |
| Bitrate | Use the 30 fps live recommendation for the same resolution and codec only as a proxy if you need an initial estimate. | YouTube’s current live table has 30 fps and 60 fps entries, but no dedicated 25 fps entry. Validate the proxy with a test stream. |
| Encoding mode | CBR | YouTube’s live encoder guidance recommends constant bitrate. |
| Keyframe interval | 2 seconds | YouTube recommends 2 seconds and says not to exceed 4 seconds. |
| Protocol | RTMPS | YouTube recommends RTMPS for live encoder connections. |
| SDR color and geometry | Square pixels, progressive scan, Rec. 709 | These are YouTube’s listed SDR settings. |
YouTube’s live documentation supports frame rates up to 60 fps, so 25 fps is within the stated ceiling. Its separate upload guidance lists 25 fps as a common frame rate and says content should be encoded and uploaded at the rate at which it was recorded. That upload guidance supports preserving native cadence, but it is not a live bitrate specification. See YouTube’s live encoder settings and YouTube’s upload encoding recommendations.
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Understand 25p versus 1080i/50
25p means 25 complete frames each second
In 1080p25, each of the 25 frames per second contains a complete progressive image.
1080i/50 means 50 fields, not 50 progressive frames
Interlaced video divides each frame into fields. In the terminology described in a technical passage hosted in the TRAI CMS, 1080i25 or 1080i50 represents 25 interlaced frames—50 fields—per second. Do not label those 50 fields as 50 progressive frames; that changes the meaning of the signal and can produce incorrect motion or scan interpretation.
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If your incoming source is 1080i/50, deinterlace it to progressive before sending it to YouTube Live. YouTube explicitly recommends deinterlacing interlaced material in its upload guidance, and its live settings list progressive scan as the recommended frame type. The 25p/interlaced terminology explanation is in a technical document hosted by TRAI; the passage’s original author and publication year are not established.
How to choose and verify your encoder configuration
- Identify the production cadence. Confirm whether your program is genuinely 25p or interlaced 1080i/50. Use the source format rather than the display’s nominal setting.
- Set progressive output. For 25p material, configure 25 fps progressive. For interlaced input, enable a suitable deinterlacing mode in your encoder or production chain before output.
- Set the live encoder basics. Choose RTMPS, H.264, H.265/HEVC, or AV1 as supported by your encoder and workflow; use CBR and a 2-second keyframe interval, never exceeding 4 seconds. For SDR, use square pixels and Rec. 709.
- Choose a cautious bitrate starting point. YouTube publishes no live bitrate row for 25 fps. If you need a starting number, consult its 30 fps row for your chosen resolution and codec as a proxy, then test; do not describe that figure as YouTube’s official 25 fps setting.
- Run a representative test stream. Include audio and movement similar to the actual program. Check YouTube’s stream health and look for dropped frames, unstable ingest, or visible motion artifacts before relying on the settings for an event.
YouTube may automatically detect resolution and frame rate by default, but a fixed encoder configuration still needs to match the production correctly, particularly when converting an interlaced source. YouTube transcodes live streams into multiple viewer output formats, so the ingest format is not the only rendition viewers may receive.
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What matters more than chasing a nominal bitrate
A high bitrate is useful only if the encoder’s upstream connection can sustain it. Favor a stable upload path over a nominal bitrate that fluctuates or exceeds available capacity. In a representative test, assess the actual motion and detail in your program—such as scrolling text, fast movement, and camera pans—alongside audio continuity and stream health.
When comparing encoder presets, evaluate source-cadence preservation, deinterlacing quality, resolution, codec, sustainable upload capacity, and observed motion quality. A 25 fps stream does not need to be converted to 30 fps merely because YouTube publishes a 30 fps live bitrate row.
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Troubleshooting common 25 fps problems
- Motion looks uneven after changing frame rate: The encoder may be converting the source cadence unnecessarily. Match 25p input with 25 fps output and test again.
- Interlaced footage shows combing or jagged motion: The stream may be sending 1080i/50 without deinterlacing. Deinterlace before live output and verify motion in a test.
- The picture breaks up or stream health is poor: The selected bitrate may exceed what the connection can consistently upload. Reduce it to a sustainable level and retest; use the 30 fps row only as a provisional reference for 25 fps.
- Keyframe-related compatibility issues: Set a 2-second keyframe interval and keep it within YouTube’s stated maximum of 4 seconds.
- Color or geometry looks wrong: For SDR, check that the encoder is using Rec. 709, square pixels, and progressive scan.
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