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A free scan shows the junk files, broken settings and background clutter dragging Windows down - then fixes them in one click.Free scan · Windows 10 & 11RFC 5545 measures iCalendar content-line length in octets—encoded bytes—not visible characters. Its guidance is that a content line should not exceed 75 octets, excluding the line break. Because iCalendar uses UTF-8 by default, a line with fewer than 75 characters can still exceed 75 octets and should be folded when generated.
What RFC 5545 means by 75 octets
RFC 5545, the iCalendar specification published in September 2009, defines content lines as lines separated by CRLF: a carriage return followed by a line feed. Section 3.1 says: “Lines of text SHOULD NOT be longer than 75 octets, excluding the line break.” Read RFC 5545, Section 3.1.
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An octet is an eight-bit byte. The count applies to the encoded content-line data; the CRLF line break is not part of the 75-octet count. It is therefore not enough to count the characters a person sees on screen.
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Why a line can have fewer than 75 characters but exceed the guidance
RFC 5545 identifies UTF-8 as the default character set for an iCalendar stream. UTF-8 encodes some characters using more than one octet, so the number of characters and the number of octets can differ. A line containing 70 characters, for example, may use more than 75 octets if enough of those characters have multioctet encodings. The example illustrates the counting distinction; it is not a measured result.
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For compliance with the length guidance, count the encoded UTF-8 bytes in the content line, not its characters. The specification also says that for MIME transports the Content-Type charset parameter must identify the charset in use. RFC 5545.
How generators should fold long lines
The RFC uses normative wording carefully: lines longer than 75 octets SHOULD be folded when generating a content line. The 75-octet guidance is not phrased as an absolute MUST-level prohibition. A fold is made by inserting CRLF followed immediately by one linear whitespace character: a SPACE or HTAB.
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- Encode the content line using the applicable charset, UTF-8 by default for an iCalendar stream.
- Count encoded octets in the content line, excluding its CRLF line ending.
- When the line exceeds 75 octets, insert a fold at an appropriate point using CRLF followed by one SPACE or HTAB.
- Ensure that folding and subsequent unfolding preserve the original encoded text, including any multioctet UTF-8 characters.
The SPACE or HTAB after CRLF is a structural continuation marker, not content to retain in the unfolded line.
How parsers must unfold lines
A parser MUST unfold folded content lines before parsing them. Unfolding removes the CRLF and the single SPACE or HTAB that immediately follows it. Treating that whitespace as ordinary content would change the line rather than reconstruct it.
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RFC 5545 notes that a simple folding implementation may split in the middle of a multioctet UTF-8 sequence. Implementations must therefore reconstruct the byte sequence correctly while removing the fold marker; they should not assume every fold boundary falls between complete characters. RFC 5545.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Implementation checks
- Measure bytes: use the encoded octet count, rather than a string’s character count.
- Exclude the line ending: the specified 75-octet count excludes CRLF.
- Insert the exact fold marker: CRLF followed by one SPACE or HTAB.
- Unfold before parsing: remove both CRLF and the immediately following continuation whitespace.
- Preserve UTF-8: allow for a fold within a multioctet sequence and restore the original sequence correctly.
RFC 5545 specifies these format behaviors but does not prescribe a particular programming language or library. The standard is the primary reference; the Library of Congress also describes the format in its iCalendar format overview.
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