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Why a funnel builder needed separate contexts
A funnel builder may look like a checkout page, upsells, and a thank-you page. The author describes a larger system behind that flow: page editing, payments, ecommerce integrations, advertising conversion events, email, coupons, analytics, abandoned-cart recovery, permissions, and AI media generation. These concerns can share a database without sharing the same domain model or changing for the same reasons.
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The author’s rationale for the split was therefore separation of responsibilities and expected provider variation. The count of 16 was a result of drawing boundaries around this particular system, not a target to reproduce elsewhere.
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How the boundaries were enforced
Contexts do not import one another directly. They communicate through ports in a contracts layer, while a composition root wires implementations together. Within each context, the described layout separates domain/ (entities and value objects), application/ (use cases and ports), and infra/ (adapters).
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The author’s project-specific import count was reported as follows:
- 14 contexts had zero references to another context.
messaginghad one type-only import of an identity-port interface, erased at compile time.order-fulfillmenthad one reference in a test file, not shipped code.
The author summarizes this as zero runtime cross-context imports. They also report 395 non-test files across the contexts and 52 files in the composition root. These are counts for this codebase, not industry benchmarks; although the author describes the import measurement as a rerunnable shell pipeline, the repository was not available to reproduce it independently.
The author explains the value of making the rule checkable with this sentence: “A rule you can check in five seconds is a rule that survives; a rule in a README is a preference.”
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Provider changes stayed local
The author places Shopify, WooCommerce, and a self-hosted alternative behind a commerce-gateway context. In the author’s account, adding a third backend required no changes outside that context. The benefit is containment: provider-specific integration work need not spread through unrelated application code.
Payment behavior could vary behind one port
The article contrasts PayPal’s authorize-then-capture flow with Stripe’s charge-again flow. In the author’s design, these are separate adapters behind a shared payment port, rather than provider checks scattered through order, email, and analytics code.
Use cases could be tested without a database
The author says constructor-injected ports let tests substitute plain objects for infrastructure dependencies. That made it possible to test use cases without a database. The author describes this as a benefit discovered after implementation, rather than the original reason for creating the contexts.
What the structure cost
Dependency wiring needed its own maintenance
The composition root contained 52 files in the author’s account. New dependencies require factory edits, so the separation does not eliminate complexity; it concentrates some of it in the wiring layer.
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A buyer accepting an upsell can involve checkout, payments, orders, and ecommerce. The author places this kind of coordination in the composition layer, where the context rule gives less guidance than it does inside an individual context.
Boundary decisions kept recurring
Some features sit near a seam: should discount codes belong to coupons or storefront-checkout? Should an email about a shipped order belong to order-fulfillment or messaging? The author says these decisions recur as features cross boundaries, costing attention even when the architecture is functioning as intended.
The most important boundary was merchant-owned inventory
For the author, the most consequential boundary was not one of the 16 contexts. The system does not own the merchant’s catalog or inventory. It reads catalog information through the ecommerce gateway and writes completed sales back. It owns its sale record, funnel, and the customer’s path, but does not maintain a competing inventory copy.
The stated reason is to avoid taking on a permanent synchronization and conflict-resolution problem, including the risk of selling stock that is no longer available. This is a system-ownership decision, not simply a way to organize folders.
When 16 contexts may be the wrong answer
The author says this approach is most useful when a system has both multiple interchangeable external providers in the same role and genuinely unrelated subsystems in one deployment. Their examples include several ecommerce backends, payment providers, ad platforms, and email senders, alongside an AI media generator and coupon engine that need not interact.
For one workflow, one integration, and one coherent subsystem, the author considers explicit contexts excessive. A well-organized services/ directory may help a new developer locate behavior faster, without the overhead of contracts and a large composition root. These are criteria drawn from one author’s project, not measured thresholds that apply to every team.
How the two organizational choices differ
| Concern | Explicit contexts, contracts, and composition root | Well-organized services/ directory |
|---|---|---|
| Provider substitution | The author reports that a new ecommerce backend stayed within commerce-gateway; payment adapters also hid provider-specific behavior behind a port. |
May be faster for a simple application, but the article provides no project-specific provider-change result for this option. |
| Isolation of unrelated concerns | Contexts have explicit boundaries and avoid direct imports. | Can keep code organized, but the article does not specify an equivalent dependency rule. |
| Test setup | Injected ports let the author test use cases with plain objects and without a database. | The article gives no direct test comparison for this layout. |
| Dependency wiring | Requires factories and composition-root maintenance; the author reports 52 composition-root files. | Likely involves less explicit wiring in a simpler system, but no file-count comparison is reported. |
| Cross-cutting workflows | Workflows spanning contexts need coordination, placed by the author in the composition layer. | The article does not report how this option handles a comparable workflow. |
| Boundary-maintenance attention | Feature placement at seams remains a recurring judgment call. | Offers fewer explicit context boundaries to maintain, though the article does not measure this trade-off. |
| Finding behavior as a new developer | Behavior is separated by context, but cross-context flows may require tracing coordination. | The author argues it may be faster to locate relevant code when the application is one coherent subsystem. |
The comparison is not a universal ranking: the article reports the explicit-context design’s results, while its case for a simpler directory is conditional and experience-based.
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