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World desk4 min

Why Bad Software Gets Accepted—and When It Shouldn’t

Software can be acceptable despite flaws when it meets enough intended needs and its shortcomings are understood. Risk, unclear requirements, and future maintenance costs can change that judgment.

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Software can be “okay” even when it is frustrating or flawed if it still meets enough of its intended needs and the people responsible judge its remaining shortcomings tolerable beside cost, schedule, or available alternatives. That judgment is contextual, not a claim that every defect is harmless: a minor inconvenience is different from a failure that puts people or essential operations at risk.

What does “okay” mean for software?

Software quality is not simply a count of bugs. ISO/IEC 25010 defines it as the “degree to which a software product satisfies stated and implied needs when used under specified conditions.” Those conditions matter: a product may work acceptably for one task or user group and fall short for another.

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Quality in use includes whether people can accomplish their goals effectively and efficiently, whether they are satisfied with the experience, whether use is free from unacceptable risk, and how well the product covers different contexts. A system that completes its main task but is awkward to navigate may be tolerable to one organization; the same system could be unacceptable if its failures threaten safety or block essential work. ISO/IEC 25010

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Why do flawed products get released?

People may not agree on what “good” requires

Teams, customers, and users can have different expectations when quality requirements are vague. ISO/IEC 25030:2019 warns that ambiguous requirements may be interpreted differently, producing software that does not match expectations and creating rework. For example, “easy to use” is not a testable agreement until stakeholders clarify which tasks, users, and conditions matter.

Making requirements explicit does not guarantee a flawless product, but it gives teams and stakeholders a clearer basis for deciding whether a compromise is acceptable. ISO/IEC 25030:2019

Quality competes with cost and schedule

Engineering decisions involve tradeoffs among quality, cost, and delivery time. The IEEE/ACM Software Engineering Code of Ethics says significant tradeoffs should be clear to and accepted by the employer and client, and available for consideration by users and the public. That is professional guidance, not evidence that every organization follows it—or proof that organizations deliberately ship poor software to maximize profit.

A release may be judged acceptable when its limitations are understood and the value of meeting a deadline or budget outweighs the remaining shortcomings for the stakeholders involved. The decision is more defensible when the tradeoff is visible rather than hidden from those who will bear its consequences. IEEE/ACM Code of Ethics

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When is a compromise tolerable—and when is it not?

The central question is not whether software has imperfections, but what those imperfections prevent or endanger, and who carries the cost. A slow screen or inconvenient workflow may be tolerable if users can still complete their work. A defect that exposes sensitive information, causes unsafe behavior, or interrupts essential operations calls for a much stricter judgment.

  • Task success and usability: Can intended users complete the important tasks accurately and without unreasonable effort?
  • Reliability and impact: How often does the system fail, and what happens when it does?
  • Security and safety: Could a weakness expose people, data, or essential operations to harm?
  • Accessibility and context: Does the product work for the people and conditions it is meant to serve?
  • Maintainability and ownership cost: Can the system be corrected and operated without an unreasonable burden?

These dimensions help compare options, but they do not combine into one universal quality score. ISO/IEC 25010 frames quality across multiple attributes; the right balance depends on intended use and risk. ISO/IEC 25010

Why can weak code make “okay” software more expensive later?

A product can meet immediate needs while carrying structural weaknesses that make future corrections harder. CISQ describes a method for estimating the effort required to remedy specified classes of weaknesses and the inefficiencies they can cause. ISO/IEC 5055:2021 likewise connects source-code violations with operational risk or excessive costs.

This is one useful way to understand technical debt: deferred corrective work that may make later changes or operations less efficient. It does not mean every compromise is technical debt, or that every weakness has the same cost. The estimates apply to defined weaknesses; they are not a general measure of how much “bad software” exists across the industry. CISQ Technical Debt Standard · ISO/IEC 5055:2021

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What should stakeholders ask before accepting a release?

  1. Which needs must this release meet? Name the important users, tasks, and conditions rather than relying on broad labels such as “works well.”
  2. What limitations remain? Separate inconveniences from failures that affect security, safety, reliability, access, or essential work.
  3. Who bears the consequences? Consider users and the public as well as the organization paying for development or delivery.
  4. What is the cost of postponing a fix? Consider not only the current release but also corrective effort, operational risk, and the burden of maintaining the system.
  5. Are significant tradeoffs clear? The IEEE/ACM Code of Ethics calls for significant tradeoffs to be made clear to relevant stakeholders rather than left implicit.

These questions do not produce a single formula for acceptance. They make the decision concrete enough to challenge: what is being traded, for whom, and with what risk?

“Okay” is not the same as harmless

RFC 9225, titled “Software Defects Considered Harmful,” presents an explicit position on defects. It is an informational RFC, not an Internet Standards Track specification, so it should be read as a recommendation rather than a binding standard. Its framing is a reminder that accepting a known defect is itself a decision with potential consequences—not proof that the defect is safe or that all defects deserve the same response. RFC 9225

There is no single explanation for why every flawed product ships, nor one universal threshold for acceptable quality. Software is “okay” only relative to its intended needs, the people relying on it, the available alternatives, and the risks they are being asked to accept.

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