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What to Do If You Miss a Student Loan Payment

A missed student loan payment is a reason to act, not assume the worst. Confirm your loan type and account status, contact the servicer, and ask about affordable next steps.
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If you miss a student loan payment, contact the loan servicer or lender promptly, confirm whether the loan is federal or private, and ask what amount and steps will bring the account current. One missed payment is not the same as default. The timeline and available remedies differ sharply between federal and private loans, so verify your own account status rather than assuming a standard grace period or cure amount.

What to do today

  1. Identify the loan. Sign in to StudentAid.gov to review federal loans and servicer information. For a private loan, check your loan agreement and account notices or contact the lender. Your credit report may also help you identify accounts.
  2. Contact the servicer or lender. Ask whether the payment is late or the account is further delinquent, the exact amount required to bring it current, whether fees or interest apply, and your next due date. Ask for any repayment arrangement and its terms in writing.
  3. If the payment is unaffordable, discuss options before missing more payments. Federal borrowers can ask about an eligible income-driven repayment plan, deferment, or forbearance. Private borrowers should ask the lender what hardship or modified-payment arrangements it offers; options depend on the lender and loan contract.
  4. Save records and follow up. Keep confirmations and copies of correspondence. After making a promised payment or entering an arrangement, check the account again to confirm it has been reflected.

Federal Student Aid puts the first step plainly: “The first day after you miss a student loan payment, your loan becomes past due, or delinquent.” That does not mean the loan is already in default.

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Federal and private loans have different timelines and options

What to check Federal student loans Private student loans
Who to contact Your federal loan servicer; StudentAid.gov can help identify loans and servicers. The lender or its servicer; use your loan agreement and account notices.
Missed-payment timeline Federal Student Aid says delinquency begins after a missed payment. At 90 or more days delinquent, the servicer reports the loan to the three major national credit bureaus; default generally occurs after 270 days of delinquency. Timing and consequences depend on the loan contract and lender. There is no single timeline to assume.
Payment relief Repayment plans, including income-driven options for eligible borrowers, and temporary deferment or forbearance may be available. Hardship plans or modified payments may be available, but terms are lender-specific.
If the loan defaults Federal borrowers may be able to resolve default through rehabilitation or consolidation; the paths have different consequences. Contact the lender or collector. Collection options and borrower rights depend on the contract and applicable state law.

The 90-day credit-reporting milestone and general 270-day default threshold are Federal Student Aid guidance for federal loans, published in July 2026. Do not apply those numbers to a private loan.

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If you have a federal loan

Ask about an affordable payment plan

If your scheduled payment is too high, ask the servicer whether you qualify for an income-driven repayment plan and what your payment would be under the available plan options. Eligibility and procedures can change, so confirm current details with the servicer or through StudentAid.gov.

Understand temporary relief before accepting it

Deferment or forbearance may temporarily pause or reduce payments if you qualify, but neither is automatically cost-free: interest may accrue, and these choices can affect discharge options. Ask the servicer how interest, the balance, and any relevant discharge eligibility would be affected in your circumstances before agreeing.

If the account is in default

Read official notices and find out which office is handling the loan, such as the Default Resolution Group or a guaranty agency. Ask about rehabilitation and consolidation, and compare the requirements and effects before choosing. Federal Student Aid explains these options in its guide to getting out of default.

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If you have a private loan

Ask the lender or servicer whether it offers a hardship arrangement, modified payments, or another way to resolve the missed payment. There is no universal private-loan relief plan or guaranteed cure amount. Read any proposed change carefully, including its effect on costs, credit reporting, and a co-signer, if applicable; get the final terms in writing.

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If the loan is in default, contact the lender or collector and keep copies of notices and communications. A private lender’s collection options and your rights depend on the agreement and state law. If you are sued or are unsure how a state-specific rule applies, consider qualified legal help. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau’s private-loan default guidance discusses these issues, including varying state limitation periods.

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What not to assume

  • A single missed payment means default. For federal loans, delinquency comes first; the general default threshold is much later. Private loan timelines differ.
  • A private lender must offer a particular grace period or hardship plan. Check the contract and confirm the lender’s current terms.
  • Temporary federal relief has no cost or other effects. Interest may accrue, and discharge options may be affected.
  • The former federal payment on-ramp is still available. The CFPB describes that temporary period as running from October 1, 2023, through September 30, 2024; it has ended. See the CFPB guidance on a missed student loan payment.

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