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World desk3 min

What to Do After an Employee Clicks a Phishing Link

Report the click promptly, preserve the original message, and tell IT whether credentials, app permissions, or files were involved. A click alone does not prove compromise.

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Tell IT or security immediately, preserve the original message, and explain exactly what happened after the click. A click alone does not prove that credentials were stolen or malware ran. The response depends on whether the employee entered a password, approved an app permission, downloaded or opened a file, or saw suspicious activity afterward. The same response principles apply to AI-generated and other phishing messages: investigate the interaction and any resulting exposure.

What the employee should do first

  1. Report the incident through the company’s established channel. Include the message and approximate time. Say whether a page opened, credentials were entered, an app permission was approved, or a file was downloaded or opened. Report it even if the page closed or nothing obvious happened. Microsoft advises work and school users who think they may have been phished to notify IT, and its phishing investigation playbook tells responders to establish what recipients did.
  2. Preserve the original message. Use the organization’s reporting tool if one is available; do not revisit the link or casually forward the message. Microsoft describes Outlook’s phishing-report action as a way to report and remove a message and improve filtering. See Microsoft’s user guidance.
  3. If a password was entered, identify the account to IT. Follow the employer’s password-reset and account-recovery process. Microsoft also advises changing affected passwords and passwords reused elsewhere, and enabling multifactor authentication. IT should investigate sign-ins and consider revoking sessions or tokens as appropriate.
  4. If an app permission was approved, say so explicitly. Consent phishing can grant persistent API access through an app token. The FBI Internet Crime Complaint Center’s September 2026 advisory warns that changing a password alone may not remediate this kind of access.
  5. If a file was downloaded or opened, report that and follow IT’s device instructions. Responders may need to investigate endpoint activity and isolate or remediate the device. The FTC’s small-business phishing guidance recommends disconnecting devices infected with malware and following response procedures.

How the response changes with the interaction

What happened Response emphasis
Clicked, with no known password entry, app approval, or download Report the message and have responders verify the interaction and check for later account or device activity. A click alone does not establish compromise.
Entered a password Tell IT which account was involved; follow recovery steps, change affected and reused passwords, and investigate sign-ins and sessions.
Approved an app permission or consent prompt Tell IT explicitly so it can investigate and revoke unauthorized app grants or tokens as appropriate. A password reset alone may leave app-token access in place.
Downloaded or opened a file, or saw suspicious execution Notify IT and follow device instructions; investigate endpoint activity and isolate or remediate the device if indicated.

These distinctions follow Microsoft’s playbook and the FBI IC3’s warning about consent-phishing tokens.

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What IT and security should investigate

Responders should follow the organization’s incident plan and scale actions to the evidence and business impact. Microsoft’s phishing investigation playbook outlines a practical sequence:

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  1. Identify the original message and its Message-ID; use mail trace or equivalent records to establish delivery, recipients, and routing.
  2. Look for other recipients and campaign variants. Determine who opened the message, clicked, opened an attachment, or submitted credentials.
  3. Correlate the report with identity sign-in and audit logs and endpoint activity.
  4. Where credentials or permissions may have been exposed, investigate suspicious sign-ins, password attacks, OAuth consent grants, token abuse, and unusual mailbox or collaboration activity.
  5. Based on findings, remove malicious messages from mailboxes; secure impacted accounts; revoke active sessions or tokens as appropriate; block malicious senders, domains, or URLs; and isolate or remediate affected endpoints.
  6. During recovery, review mailbox rules and forwarding settings, verify appropriate credential resets and multifactor authentication, improve relevant filtering and anti-phishing policies, and update detections and the response playbook.

These are possible investigation and containment actions, not a checklist that every incident requires in full. Microsoft’s incident response overview says plans should address incidents according to business risk and impact and be tested regularly.

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When to report outside the organization

Start with the employer’s incident-response channel. Whether to report externally depends on the facts and jurisdiction; an employee click does not automatically require an external report. The FTC’s small-business guidance lists reporting phishing attempts to the FTC and Anti-Phishing Working Group. For the consent-phishing cases described in its advisory, the FBI IC3 recommends reporting to IC3 or a local FBI field office.

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