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World desk4 min

What Should Programmers Do While AI Writes Code?

Treat AI-generated code as a draft: use generation time to gather context, then verify each change with tests, security checks, and human review.
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Use the waiting time to build context and verify the result: clarify the behavior you want, inspect the surrounding code and tests, then review and test the generated changes. AI-generated code is a draft, not a hand-off. The programmer remains responsible for understanding what is committed and deciding whether it is safe to ship.

What to do while the assistant is generating

Before asking an assistant to write code, define the change in terms the project can verify. State the expected behavior, constraints, edge cases, and what success looks like. A precise request gives you a basis for judging the output; a vague request makes it harder to tell whether a plausible-looking patch is actually right.

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While generation runs, use the time to understand the area it will touch rather than starting a large, unrelated task. Read the relevant implementation, interfaces, tests, and project conventions. Check how the code is called and what assumptions it relies on, including authentication, data validation, error handling, and any security-sensitive boundaries. This context helps you spot changes that compile but do not fit the system.

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  • Identify the files and interfaces likely to change.
  • Find existing tests and note the cases they do not cover.
  • Check whether the request affects dependencies, permissions, data handling, or external services.
  • Decide whether the work is suitable for autocomplete, a chat-based suggestion, or a more autonomous coding agent; the more autonomy granted, the more important a clear scope and reviewable diff become.

How to review AI-generated code

Review the diff in small pieces. For every change, ask whether it is required by the request, whether you understand it, and whether it follows the repository’s conventions. Trace important behavior through callers and tests instead of judging a patch by how polished its explanation sounds.

  • Check that the implementation handles the stated edge cases and failure paths.
  • Look for unrelated edits, duplicated logic, hard-coded assumptions, and changes to public interfaces.
  • Inspect generated tests: confirm that they exercise meaningful behavior rather than merely reproducing the implementation’s assumptions.
  • Review security-sensitive code carefully, including input validation, access control, secrets, and data exposure.
  • Verify every added or changed dependency and version against a trusted package source; do not assume a suggested package or version is real or appropriate.

UK Government guidance for developers puts the responsibility plainly: “You should only commit code changes that you understand.” It also cautions against relying on nondeterministic prompt responses without extensive testing. The guidance is available in AI coding assistants in UK Government, v0.4.

Test the change, then keep the merge human

Run the project’s relevant tests and checks rather than treating generated output as verified because it looks familiar. Start with focused tests for the modified behavior, then run broader suites and static or security checks appropriate to the change. If a test fails, determine whether the code, the test, or the environment explains it; do not prompt the assistant to silence a failure without understanding the cause.

  1. Run the smallest relevant test set and examine failures.
  2. Run the wider project test suite and applicable lint, type, and security checks.
  3. Review the final diff after any assistant follow-up; later edits can introduce new issues.
  4. Commit only changes you can explain, and use peer review and the repository’s normal branch protections for important merges.

The same UK Government guidance says that merges to the main branch need human peer review and must follow organizational policy. That is a useful boundary even when an assistant can edit files, run commands, or create a pull request: automation can accelerate steps, but it should not quietly replace the team’s review and release controls.

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What productivity evidence does—and does not—show

Studies suggest coding assistants can help in some settings, but their results do not establish a universal productivity gain. In a vendor-published GitHub study, 202 developers with at least five years of experience completed a specific web-server API exercise. The Copilot group was reported as 53.2% more likely to pass all ten unit tests, a relative likelihood rather than a 53.2 percentage-point increase. The study also reported statistically significant differences in ratings for readability (3.62%), reliability (2.94%), maintainability (2.47%), and conciseness (4.16%) in that exercise. Those bounded results do not predict outcomes for every language, repository, or developer.

A UK Government Digital Service trial, conducted from November 2024 to February 2025, found that participants estimated saving an average of 56 minutes per working day. The report warns that task estimates could overlap and optimism bias may inflate the reported savings. In the same trial, GitHub Copilot telemetry showed an average acceptance rate of 15.8% of suggested code lines; 58% of survey respondents said they would not want to return to pre-trial working conditions. These are different measures—reported time, accepted lines, and respondent sentiment—not interchangeable proof that delivery became faster.

Team conditions matter too. DORA’s 2025 report characterizes AI as an amplifier of existing organizational strengths and weaknesses. Its 2024 report described productivity benefits alongside reduced delivery stability and throughput, reinforcing the value of small batches and robust testing. For a team, the right question is not only whether typing or suggestion acceptance increased, but whether the whole delivery process improved without sacrificing quality or stability.

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Match oversight to the task and the organization

The appropriate workflow depends on what the code does, the tool’s access, and the team’s ability to review its output. A low-risk prototype and a production change affecting security or critical data do not merit the same autonomy or review effort. Compare possible approaches by repository and language fit, privacy and security constraints, test integration, clarity of changes, operational overhead, and the human review they require; there is no single tool or allocation that fits every job.

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AI use also creates a capacity requirement. eu-LISA’s report summary, published July 9, 2026, advises organizations to evaluate AI tools regularly and ensure they have enough resources to review generated code for quality and security. If a team generates changes faster than it can understand and verify them, the bottleneck has moved rather than disappeared.

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