There is no single discharge-resistor value or discharge time that applies to every X-capacitor circuit. The requirement depends on the finished equipment’s product-safety standard, connection method, intended users and target market. For equipment within IEC 62368-1, the key question is whether voltage becomes accessible after a connector is disconnected—and whether it meets the standard’s limits under the relevant conditions.
Start with the finished equipment’s safety standard
An X-class capacitor is designed for use across an AC mains supply, but selecting an appropriately approved capacitor does not by itself establish that the equipment is safe after unplugging. The discharge safeguard is assessed in the context of the complete product: its classification, connections, accessible parts, users, operating conditions and applicable fault conditions.
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IEC 62368-1 covers audio/video and information and communication technology equipment within its scope. It uses energy-source classifications and safeguards; another product category may be governed by a different standard. The relevant national adoption, certification scheme and market also matter. IEC 62368-1:2023, corrected version 2025-08, is listed by the IEC as valid. Identify the product and jurisdiction before treating any one timing rule as applicable.
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Clause 5.5.2.2 addresses a capacitor voltage that becomes accessible when a connector is disconnected, such as the mains connector. A publicly indexed reproduction of the clause gives these measurement points:
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| Equipment or connector case | Measurement point after disconnection | What must be assessed |
|---|---|---|
| Pluggable equipment type B | 5 seconds | Accessible voltage must meet the applicable ES limits and conditions in the standard. |
| Disconnection of any other connector | 2 seconds | Accessible voltage must meet the applicable ES limits and conditions in the standard. |
Those times are measurement points for the stated cases, not universal permission for a capacitor to remain charged for that long, nor a prescribed resistor value. The standard’s assessment refers to ES1/ES2 limits and distinguishes conditions such as ordinary or instructed persons, normal operation and single faults. The indexed excerpt does not show all relevant definitions, tables or test details, so it is not enough to establish a voltage threshold or compliance decision. Consult the licensed official standard for the complete requirements.
How the component and filter standards fit
| Document | What it addresses | What it does not establish by itself |
|---|---|---|
| IEC 60384-14:2023+AMD1:2025 CSV | Qualifying capacitors and resistor-capacitor combinations connected to AC mains up to 1,000 V RMS and nominal frequency up to 100 Hz, with stated conditions for DC supplies up to 1,500 V DC. The IEC describes it as setting preferred ratings and characteristics, quality-assessment procedures and tests, and general performance requirements. | Whether the complete equipment meets its accessible-voltage safeguard after disconnection. |
| IEC 60939-3:2024 | Certain passive filter units within its stated supply limits; it points to IEC 60384-14 for AC mains capacitors. Applicability depends on the actual filter assembly and its construction and use. | Whether every filter assembly is within its scope or whether the finished equipment complies with its product-safety standard. |
| IEC 60384-14-1:2025 | An approval schedule for its assessment level, including design declarations for safety-relevant parameters, lot conformance tests and requalification tests. | A substitute for assessing the equipment’s discharge path and accessible voltage. |
These documents address different layers: a capacitor or RC component, a qualifying filter unit, and the complete piece of equipment. Component approval is important, but it is not a replacement for the finished-product assessment.
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What determines the discharge-circuit design
Do not select a resistor by relying on a supposed standard value. Determine the circuit and test conditions that apply to the product, then assess the resulting accessible voltage at the required measurement point. The design assessment should account for:
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- Capacitance and its tolerance, together with the maximum applicable mains voltage.
- Whether the relevant event is unplugging, disconnecting another connector, or a particular switch state.
- The discharge component’s tolerance and failure behavior, including conditions required by the applicable single-fault assessment.
- The measurement method and the point at which voltage is considered accessible.
- The intended user category and whether the standard’s normal-operation or fault-condition criteria apply.
The discharge path must be evaluated as part of the actual product configuration. A resistor’s nominal value alone does not demonstrate that the applicable accessible-voltage limits are met.
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How to establish the requirement for a product
- Define the product and market. Identify the equipment category, target jurisdictions, intended users and applicable certification route.
- Determine the governing product standard. Confirm that the product falls within IEC 62368-1 or identify the different standard that applies. Check the relevant national adoption and edition.
- Identify the disconnection case. Record which connector can be disconnected and whether the equipment classification places it in a specific case, such as pluggable equipment type B.
- Use the official normative text. Check the full clause, definitions, ES limits, measurement method and applicable normal and single-fault conditions in the licensed standard.
- Verify the complete circuit and components. Check that the capacitor, any resistor or resistor group, and any filter assembly meet their relevant component requirements; then assess the equipment’s accessible voltage under the prescribed conditions.
The IEC 62368-1 timing excerpt cited above comes from a third-party-hosted reproduction, not the official IEC publication. Use it as an indication of the clause’s subject and measurement points, not as a substitute for the full standard or a certification decision.
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