The Internet naming system is usually called the Domain Name System, or DNS. It lets people use memorable domain names, such as icann.org, instead of typing an IP address, and links those names to addressing information used in Internet communication. DNS is hierarchical and distributed; globally consistent names depend on coordination of shared records and policies.
What does the Internet naming system do?
DNS provides a common way to refer to Internet destinations using names people can recognize. A domain name is easier to remember and share than a numeric IP address. DNS connects the name with Internet addressing information so it can be used in communication. ICANN describes DNS as a system designed to make the Internet accessible to human beings: What Does ICANN Do?
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How is DNS organized?
DNS has a hierarchy. At its top is the root, beneath which are top-level domains (TLDs), such as .edu and .in. Domain names are organized below those TLDs. The root-zone information records which managers are responsible for TLDs and the technical details needed to delegate to them. IANA describes the root as the highest level of the DNS: Root Zone Management.
The hierarchy helps make the naming system distributed rather than a single directory containing every name. At the same time, its shared top-level information must be coordinated so that a name has consistent meaning across the public Internet.
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Who coordinates the Internet naming system?
IANA and root-zone information
IANA maintains public registries for globally coordinated technical identifiers. For DNS, its root-zone responsibilities include recording delegation data and assigning TLD managers. These shared records help keep names and their delegations consistent. See IANA’s About IANA and Root Zone Management.
ICANN and coordination
ICANN coordinates aspects of the global naming system and related policy. It does not run the whole Internet, operate every part of DNS, or control Internet content. Its explanation of the public root describes the rationale for a unique authoritative root: ICP-3: A Unique, Authoritative Root for the DNS.
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Why does a shared public root matter?
The public DNS is intended to give consistent answers across the public Internet. A shared authoritative root supports that consistency: users and services can rely on the same top-level delegations rather than competing root systems assigning different meanings to the same names. This coordination concerns naming and technical identifiers; it does not mean that ICANN or IANA owns the Internet or controls what websites publish.
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In brief
- DNS is the Internet naming system most people mean: it links human-readable domain names with addressing information.
- The root sits at the top of its hierarchy, with TLDs and domain names arranged below it.
- IANA maintains coordinated technical registries and root-zone delegation information.
- ICANN coordinates parts of the naming system and its policy, but does not run the entire Internet.
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