The International Protection Code, better known as the Ingress Protection Code or IP Code, is the classification system in IEC 60529. It describes how well an electrical enclosure protects against access to hazardous parts, solid foreign objects and harmful water ingress. The IEC catalogs the standard as Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code).
Which name is correct: International or Ingress?
Both appear in practice. Gautam Kumar’s October 6, 2017 explainer says the code is referred to as International Protection Code within the standard, while it is most commonly known as Ingress Protection Code. That is one author’s wording. For naming, the authority is the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) catalog title: “Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code).” The “IP” in a product rating is the same code whichever expansion you use.
The standard behind the code
The code is defined in IEC 60529. The IEC catalog lists the current consolidated text as IEC 60529:1989+A1:1999+A2:2013, edition 2.2, published 2013-08-29, with a stated stability date of 2027.
- Scope: classification of degrees of protection provided by enclosures for electrical equipment with a rated voltage not exceeding 72.5 kV.
- Format: the IEC lists the consolidated publication in English and French.
The 72.5 kV figure is a limit on the standard’s application scope. It is not a performance statistic.
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What the code protects against
The explanatory account cited here describes three protection concerns:
- access to hazardous parts, such as a finger or tool reaching live or moving components;
- ingress of solid foreign objects, including dust;
- harmful ingress of water.
The first position after “IP” relates to hazardous parts and solids. The second relates to water. A rating written as IP followed by two characters is read one position at a time, not as a single score.
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How to read the marking
- Find the letters “IP” followed by two characters.
- Read the first as the solids and hazardous-parts protection level.
- Read the second as the water protection level.
- If a position shows an X, the cited article describes this as meaning the product was not tested for that condition. It does not mean a low or high level of protection.
The exact meaning of each digit, and the test conditions behind it, are set out in the full IEC 60529 text. This article doesn’t reproduce those tables, because a short explanation can’t safely stand in for them.
Quick Recap
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What an IP rating does not tell you
- It is not a blanket guarantee. The standard classifies enclosure protection. A rating does not mean a device will survive every kind of dust, liquid or environment.
- A water rating does not automatically cover every water exposure. Check the exposure conditions the manufacturer specifies.
- A label is a manufacturer’s claim. The IEC catalog entry covers the standard’s scope. It is not evidence that a particular product has been independently verified for your use.
Checking a product’s rating
- Look for the full IP marking on the product or datasheet, not just words like “waterproof”.
- Confirm that the documentation cites IEC 60529 or an equivalent national adoption.
- Read the manufacturer’s stated permitted uses and limits, including any conditions on water exposure.
- For exact digit definitions or test procedures, consult the current IEC 60529 text from the IEC.
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