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The Document Object Model (DOM) is a programming interface and logical model that represents a document as a hierarchy of related nodes. Programs can use its interfaces to inspect and change a document’s structure or content. In a web browser, JavaScript commonly calls DOM APIs, but the DOM is not part of the JavaScript language.
What does DOM mean?
DOM stands for Document Object Model. The WHATWG DOM Standard describes its original sense as an API for accessing and manipulating documents, especially HTML and XML documents. The standard’s current scope is broader: it defines a platform-neutral model for events, aborting activities and node trees, and uses “document” for markup-based resources that include both static documents and interactive applications.
Put simply, the DOM gives software a defined way to work with a document’s content and relationships without dictating how a browser must store that information internally.
What is a DOM tree?
A DOM tree is a logical hierarchy of nodes. Nodes can have parent and child relationships; some contain other nodes, while others are leaves. A document tree can include a Document node, a doctype, elements and text nodes.
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For example, the markup <p>Hello, <strong>web</strong>.</p> can be represented with a p element node containing a text node for “Hello, ”, a strong element node containing “web”, and a final text node for “.”. This is a conceptual illustration of the node model: the markup is the written source, while the DOM expresses its structure as related objects.
What does the DOM let programs do?
Code can use DOM interfaces to read document nodes and make changes, such as creating, moving, modifying or removing nodes. It can also attach event listeners so a program can respond to events. These capabilities make the DOM an interface for working with a document, rather than a programming language or a page’s source text.
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Is the DOM the same as JavaScript?
No. JavaScript is a programming language; the DOM is an API and model that a host environment, such as a browser, can expose to programs. JavaScript is commonly used to call browser DOM APIs, but HTML, SVG and XML documents being modeled as objects is not a feature of core JavaScript itself. Other languages can also use DOM interfaces where an implementation provides them.
Does the DOM describe how a browser stores a page?
No. The DOM specifies interfaces and logical relationships that programs can work with; it does not require a particular internal data structure, binary representation or persistence mechanism. A browser’s internal implementation is separate from the DOM model visible through its APIs.
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Which documents can the DOM represent?
The familiar browser use case is an HTML document, but the DOM model also applies to SVG and XML documents. The current standard frames its scope around markup-based resources more generally, rather than defining the DOM as HTML alone.
For historical context, the W3C’s DOM specifications describe a platform- and language-neutral interface for programs to access and update HTML and XML documents. Those older specifications explain the original purpose; the WHATWG DOM Standard is the current source for the standard’s scope.
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